Developmental Biology Institute of Marseilles-Luminy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de la Méditerranée, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2011;27:157-84. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100109-104027. Epub 2011 Jul 5.
Cell shape changes underlie a large set of biological processes ranging from cell division to cell motility. Stereotyped patterns of cell shape changes also determine tissue remodeling events such as extension or invagination. In vitro and cell culture systems have been essential to understanding the fundamental physical principles of subcellular mechanics. These are now complemented by studies in developing organisms that emphasize how cell and tissue morphogenesis emerge from the interplay between force-generating machines, such as actomyosin networks, and adhesive clusters that transmit tensile forces at the cell cortex and stabilize cell-cell and cell-substrate interfaces. Both force production and transmission are self-organizing phenomena whose adaptive features are essential during tissue morphogenesis. A new era is opening that emphasizes the similarities of and allows comparisons between distant dynamic biological phenomena because they rely on core machineries that control universal features of cytomechanics.
细胞形状的变化是一系列生物学过程的基础，这些过程从细胞分裂到细胞运动都有涉及。细胞形状变化的定型模式也决定了组织重塑事件，如伸展或内陷。体外和细胞培养系统对于理解亚细胞力学的基本物理原理至关重要。现在，这些研究得到了在发育中的生物体中进行的研究的补充，这些研究强调了细胞和组织形态发生如何从产生力的机器（如肌动球蛋白网络）和在细胞皮质传递张力的粘性簇之间的相互作用中出现，并稳定细胞-细胞和细胞-基底界面。力的产生和传递都是自组织现象，在组织形态发生过程中，它们的适应性特征是必不可少的。一个新的时代正在开启，它强调了遥远的动态生物现象之间的相似性，并允许对它们进行比较，因为它们依赖于控制细胞力学普遍特征的核心机制。
