Department of Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Prog Brain Res. 2011;191:177-94. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53752-2.00005-9.
Evolutionary concepts such as adaptation and maladaptation have been used by neuroscientists to explain brain properties and mechanisms. In particular, one of the most compelling characteristics of the brain, known as neuroplasticity, denotes the ability of the brain to continuously adapt its functional and structural organization to changing requirements. Although brain plasticity has evolved to favor adaptation, there are cases in which the same mechanisms underlying adaptive plasticity can turn into maladaptive changes. Here, we will consider brain plasticity and its functional and structural consequences from an evolutionary perspective, discussing cases of adaptive and maladaptive plasticity and using examples from typical and atypical development.
进化概念，如适应和不适应，被神经科学家用来解释大脑的属性和机制。特别是，大脑的一个最引人注目的特征，称为神经可塑性，表示大脑不断适应其功能和结构组织以适应变化的需求的能力。尽管大脑可塑性的进化有利于适应，但在某些情况下，适应可塑性的相同机制可能会转变为不适应的变化。在这里，我们将从进化的角度考虑大脑的可塑性及其功能和结构后果，讨论适应性和不适应性可塑性的情况，并使用典型和非典型发育的例子。
