Département de Psychologie, Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Prog Brain Res. 2011;191:233-49. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53752-2.00002-3.
In this review, we describe crossmodal plasticity following sensory loss in three parts, with each section focusing on one sensory system. We summarize a wide range of studies showing that sensory loss may lead, depending of the affected sensory system, to functional changes in other, primarily not affected senses, which range from heightened to lowered abilities. In the first part, the effects of blindness on mainly audition and touch are described. The latest findings on brain reorganization in blindness are reported, with a particular emphasis on imaging studies illustrating how nonvisual inputs recruit the visually deafferented occipital cortex. The second part covers crossmodal processing in deafness, with a special focus on the effects of deafness on visual processing. In the last portion of this review, we present the effects that the loss of a chemical sense have on the sensitivity of the other chemical senses, that is, smell, taste, and trigeminal chemosensation. We outline how the convergence of the chemical senses to the same central processing areas may lead to the observed reduction in sensitivity of the primarily not affected senses. Altogether, the studies reviewed herein illustrate the fascinating plasticity of the brain when coping with sensory deprivation.
在这篇综述中，我们将从三个部分描述感觉丧失后的跨模态可塑性，每个部分都集中在一个感觉系统上。我们总结了大量研究表明，感觉丧失可能导致受影响的感觉系统以外的其他感觉系统的功能发生变化，这些变化的范围从感知能力增强到降低。在第一部分中，描述了失明对主要听觉和触觉的影响。报告了关于失明中大脑重组的最新发现，特别强调了成像研究，这些研究说明了非视觉输入如何招募视觉去传入的枕叶皮层。第二部分涵盖了耳聋中的跨模态处理，特别关注耳聋对视觉处理的影响。在本综述的最后一部分，我们介绍了一种化学感觉丧失对其他化学感觉（即嗅觉、味觉和三叉神经化学感觉）敏感性的影响。我们概述了化学感觉向相同的中枢处理区域汇聚如何导致主要不受影响的感觉的感知敏感性降低。总之，本文综述的研究说明了大脑在应对感觉剥夺时的惊人可塑性。
