State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Apr 1;421-422:41-50. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.009. Epub 2011 Jul 8.
Antimony (Sb) is ubiquitous throughout the environment as a result of natural processes and human activities. In China, superlarge-, large and medium-sized Sb deposits are concentrated in the Guangxi (34.4%), Hunan (21.2%), Yunnan (12.2%) and Guizhou (10.2%) provinces. Due to Sb mining and smelting processes, large quantities of Sb have been released resulting in serious Sb contamination of the local environments. Furthermore, coal combustion and Sb products consumed by the domestic market are also important potential Sb contamination sources. Here, an integrated overview of the current knowledge on the distribution of Sb in Chinese environments and the human health risk with respect to Sb contamination in Chinese mining and smelting areas are presented. The average Sb concentrations found in soils were divided into three groups. Group 1 had lower Sb concentrations of 0.5-1.5mgkg(-1), Group 2 had medium concentrations of 1.5-2mgkg(-1), and Group 3 had relatively high concentrations of over 2mgkg(-1). Soils from the Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Hunan provinces were extremely enriched in Sb. Data on the sediment and water mainly came from the Yangtze River water systems and some mining and smelting areas. The Sb concentrations in sediments were of the order of a few mgkg(-1). In water, Sb was mainly concentrated in the particle matter. Higher concentrations in water (up to 29.4mgL(-1)) and sediments (up to 1163mgkg(-1)) were mainly limited to the proximity of mining and smelting areas than the faraway places (<5.00mgL(-1) for water and <3.00mgkg(-1) for sediments, respectively). Plants growing in these contaminated soils accumulated high levels of Sb (up to 143.7mgkg(-1)) and exceeded the tolerable concentration (5mgkg(-1)), thus threatening the health of local inhabitants. The local environments around Sb mining and smelting areas were seriously contaminated.
锑（Sb）是由于自然过程和人类活动而在环境中普遍存在的。在中国，超大型、大型和中型锑矿床集中在广西（34.4%）、湖南（21.2%）、云南（12.2%）和贵州（10.2%）。由于锑矿开采和冶炼过程，大量的锑被释放出来，导致当地环境受到严重的锑污染。此外，国内市场消耗的煤炭燃烧和锑产品也是重要的潜在锑污染来源。在这里，我们对中国环境中锑的分布现状以及中国采冶区锑污染对人类健康的风险进行了综合概述。土壤中发现的 Sb 平均浓度分为三组。第 1 组 Sb 浓度较低，为 0.5-1.5mgkg(-1)；第 2 组 Sb 浓度中等，为 1.5-2mgkg(-1)；第 3 组 Sb 浓度较高，超过 2mgkg(-1)。云南、广西、贵州和湖南的土壤中 Sb 含量极高。沉积物和水的数据主要来自长江水系和一些采冶区。沉积物中的 Sb 浓度在几个 mgkg(-1)左右。在水中，Sb 主要集中在颗粒物中。水中 Sb 浓度（高达 29.4mgL(-1)）和沉积物中 Sb 浓度（高达 1163mgkg(-1)）主要限于采冶区附近，而远离采冶区的地方则较低（水<5.00mgL(-1)，沉积物<3.00mgkg(-1)）。生长在这些受污染土壤中的植物积累了高浓度的 Sb（高达 143.7mgkg(-1)），超过了耐受浓度（5mgkg(-1)），从而威胁到当地居民的健康。锑采冶区周围的环境受到了严重的污染。
