Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012 Feb;22(2):114-22. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.06.004. Epub 2011 Jul 8.
Individuals with an at risk mental state (ARMS) are at greatly increased risk of developing a psychotic illness. Risk of transition to psychosis is associated with regionally reduced cortical gray matter volume. There has been considerable interest in the interaction between psychosis risk and substance use. In this study we investigate the relationship between alcohol, cannabis and nicotine use with gray matter volume in ARMS subjects and healthy volunteers. Twenty seven ARMS subjects and 27 healthy volunteers took part in the study. All subjects underwent volumetric MRI imaging. The relationship between regional gray matter volume and cannabis use, smoking, and alcohol use in controls and ARMS subjects was analysed using voxel-based morphometry. In any region where a significant relationship with drug was present, data were analysed to determine if there was any group difference in this relationship. Alcohol intake was inversely correlated with gray matter volume in cerebellum, cannabis intake was use was inversely correlated with gray matter volume in prefrontal cortex and tobacco intake was inversely correlated with gray matter volume in left temporal cortex. There were no significant interactions by group in any region. There is no evidence to support the hypothesis of increased susceptibility to harmful effects of drugs and alcohol on regional gray matter in ARMS subjects. However, alcohol, tobacco and cannabis at low to moderate intake may be associated with lower gray matter in both ARMS subjects and healthy volunteers-possibly representing low-level cortical damage or change in neural plasticity.
有患病风险的精神状态 (ARMS) 的个体患精神病的风险大大增加。向精神病转变的风险与区域性皮质灰质体积减少有关。精神病风险与物质使用之间的相互作用引起了相当大的兴趣。在这项研究中，我们调查了 ARMS 受试者和健康志愿者中酒精、大麻和尼古丁使用与灰质体积之间的关系。27 名 ARMS 受试者和 27 名健康志愿者参加了这项研究。所有受试者都接受了容积 MRI 成像。使用基于体素的形态测量法分析了控制组和 ARMS 受试者中与区域灰质体积与大麻使用、吸烟和饮酒之间的关系。在与药物存在显著关系的任何区域，分析数据以确定该关系在组间是否存在差异。酒精摄入量与小脑灰质体积呈负相关，大麻摄入量与前额叶皮质灰质体积呈负相关，烟草摄入量与左侧颞叶皮质灰质体积呈负相关。在任何区域都没有发现组间的显著相互作用。没有证据支持 ARMS 受试者中药物和酒精对区域灰质的有害影响易感性增加的假设。然而，低至中度摄入的酒精、烟草和大麻可能与 ARMS 受试者和健康志愿者的灰质减少有关-可能代表低水平的皮质损伤或神经可塑性的改变。
