Department of Developmental Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2011 Nov;32(9):635-43. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e318228888d.
: Night wakings are common in infancy. Although a link between infant night wakings and attachment to the primary caregiver has been previously proposed, empirical support is limited so far. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the early history of night waking in infants who were later classified as securely or insecurely (avoidantly, resistantly, or disorganized) attached.
: Participants in the study were 193 infants and their mothers. Information on infant night wakings was collected with the use of daily sleep diaries for the first 6 months of life and again for 2 weeks at 12 months of age. Infant-mother attachment was assessed using the Strange Situation (Ainsworth et al, Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. New York: Hillsdale; 1978) when the infants were 12 months of age.
: Longitudinal regression analyses showed that, after controlling for many covariates, infants with an insecure-resistant attachment at 12 months of age awoke more during the night in their first 6 months of life than the other infants. Furthermore, infants with different attachment classifications developed different patterns of night wakings over the first 6 months, with the insecure-avoidant infants waking the least toward the end of the 6 months. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed no associations between attachment and night wakings at 12 months of age.
: This study is the first in showing that attachment at 12 months of age is related to infant night waking patterns in the first 6 months of life. Patterns of infant night wakings early in life apparently reflect the emerging attachment relationship.
夜间觉醒在婴儿期很常见。虽然以前已经提出了婴儿夜间觉醒与主要照顾者依恋之间的联系，但目前为止实证支持有限。本纵向研究的目的是检查后来被归类为安全或不安全（回避、抗拒或组织混乱）依恋的婴儿早期夜间觉醒的历史。
研究参与者为 193 名婴儿及其母亲。使用每日睡眠日记在生命的前 6 个月内收集婴儿夜间觉醒的信息，并在 12 个月时再次收集 2 周的信息。当婴儿 12 个月大时，使用陌生情境（Ainsworth 等人，依恋模式：陌生情境的心理研究。纽约：Hillsdale；1978）评估婴儿-母亲依恋。
纵向回归分析显示，在控制了许多协变量后，12 个月时具有不安全-抗拒依恋的婴儿在生命的前 6 个月内夜间醒来的次数比其他婴儿多。此外，具有不同依恋分类的婴儿在头 6 个月内出现不同的夜间觉醒模式，不安全-回避型婴儿在 6 个月结束时醒来最少。分层多元回归分析显示，依恋与 12 个月时的夜间觉醒之间没有关联。
本研究首次表明，12 个月时的依恋与生命前 6 个月的婴儿夜间觉醒模式有关。婴儿夜间觉醒模式在生命早期显然反映了正在形成的依恋关系。
