Chapoto Antony, Jayne T S, Mason Nicole M
Michigan State University.
Econ Dev Cult Change. 2011;59(3):511-47. doi: 10.1086/658346.
In areas of Africa hard hit by HIV/AIDS, there are growing concerns that many women lose access to land after the death of their husbands. However, there remains a dearth of quantitative evidence on the proportion of widows who lose access to their deceased husband's land, whether they lose all or part of that land, and whether there are factors specific to the widow, her family, or the broader community that influence her ability to maintain rights to land. This study examines these issues using average treatment effects models with propensity score matching applied to a nationally representative panel data of 5,342 rural households surveyed in 2001 and 2004. Results are highly variable, with roughly a third of households incurring the death of a male household head controlling less than 50% of the land they had prior to their husband's death, while over a quarter actually controlled as much or even more land than while their husbands were alive. Widows who were in relatively wealthy households prior to their husband's death lose proportionately more land than widows in households that were relatively poor. Older widows and widows related to the local headman enjoy greater land security. Women in matrilineal inheritance areas were no less likely to lose land than women in patrilineal areas.
在受艾滋病毒/艾滋病严重影响的非洲地区，人们越来越担心许多妇女在丈夫去世后失去土地。然而，关于寡妇失去已故丈夫土地的比例、她们是失去全部还是部分土地，以及是否存在寡妇自身、其家庭或更广泛社区中影响其土地权益维护能力的特定因素，目前仍缺乏定量证据。本研究使用平均处理效应模型和倾向得分匹配法，对2001年和2004年调查的5342户农村家庭的全国代表性面板数据进行分析，以探讨这些问题。结果差异很大，在男性户主死亡的家庭中，约三分之一的家庭在丈夫去世后控制的土地不到其生前拥有土地的50%，而超过四分之一的家庭实际控制的土地与丈夫生前一样多甚至更多。丈夫去世前家庭相对富裕的寡妇比相对贫困家庭的寡妇失去的土地比例更大。年长的寡妇和与当地村长有亲属关系的寡妇享有更高的土地保障。母系继承地区的妇女失去土地的可能性并不低于父系地区的妇女。
