School of Health, Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, Ayrshire, UK.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2011 Aug;18(6):469-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01690.x. Epub 2011 Feb 10.
The biological model of schizophrenia remains the dominant model within mental health services. It has a powerful influence on the culture of mental health services; providing the structure for the delivery and selection of mental health treatments. There is widespread acceptance of a genetic cause for schizophrenia. Acceptance of a genetic cause is inconsistent with a person-centred recovery-orientated approach. The following paper provides a rigorous review of the underpinning research that supports the genetic argument. Appraisal of family, twin and adoption studies uncovers serious flaws in the methodologies and statistical analyses used in studies. These flaws not only artificially inflate the genetic contribution to schizophrenia but also invalidate many of the findings. More recent micro-imaging techniques have also failed to find replicable and consistent findings indicating a clear genetic pathway to schizophrenia. Freed from the implied pessimism of an unmodifiable genetic cause for schizophrenia, mental health nurses can confidently work to instil hope with people that have a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
精神卫生服务中，精神分裂症的生物学模型仍然是占主导地位的模型。它对精神卫生服务文化有着强大的影响；为精神卫生治疗的提供和选择提供了结构。人们普遍接受精神分裂症的遗传原因。接受遗传原因与以患者为中心、注重康复的方法不一致。本文对支持遗传论点的基础研究进行了严格审查。对家庭、双胞胎和收养研究的评估揭示了研究中使用的方法和统计分析存在严重缺陷。这些缺陷不仅人为地夸大了遗传对精神分裂症的贡献，而且使许多研究结果无效。最近的微观成像技术也未能找到可复制和一致的发现，表明存在明确的遗传途径导致精神分裂症。从精神分裂症遗传原因不可改变的隐含悲观主义中解脱出来，精神科护士可以自信地努力为被诊断患有精神分裂症的人灌输希望。
