Ruchała Marek, Szczepanek Ewelina, Sowiński Jerzy
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, Poznan, Poland.
Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur. 2011;14(1):21-8. doi: 10.5603/nmr.2011.0005.
Thyroid is particularly prone to morphogenetic variability. Developmental failure of the thyroid gland is in 85% of cases the underlying cause of congenital hypothyroidism, diagnosed at birth with a frequency of 1:3000-1:4000 newborns. However, the incidence of less severe developmental variants of the thyroid is much higher. Determination of the aetiology of congenital hypothyroidism is crucial for predicting its severity and outcome as well as impacts dose of L-thyroxine during substitution. Thyroid imaging is necessary to establish diagnosis, and it involves mainly thyroid ultrasound examination and scintiscan. Awareness of both the advantages and limitations of sonographic and scintigraphic imaging are central to the successful interpretation of their results and reasonable recommendation of these procedures for patients with thyroid developmental anomalies of different age and clinical picture. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide the most important and up-to-date information on the place of radionuclide scanning and ultrasonography in visualization of different thyroid developmental abnormalities.
甲状腺特别容易出现形态发生变异。甲状腺发育不全在85%的情况下是先天性甲状腺功能减退症的根本原因，先天性甲状腺功能减退症在新生儿中的诊断频率为1:3000 - 1:4000。然而，甲状腺不太严重的发育变异的发生率要高得多。确定先天性甲状腺功能减退症的病因对于预测其严重程度和预后以及替代治疗期间左甲状腺素的剂量影响至关重要。甲状腺成像对于确诊是必要的，主要包括甲状腺超声检查和闪烁扫描。了解超声和闪烁成像的优点和局限性对于成功解读其结果以及针对不同年龄和临床表现的甲状腺发育异常患者合理推荐这些检查至关重要。因此，本综述的目的是提供关于放射性核素扫描和超声检查在不同甲状腺发育异常可视化中的地位的最重要和最新信息。
