Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
Cognition. 2011 Oct;121(1):22-40. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.06.009. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
We explored perspective-taking behavior in a visuospatial mental rotation task that requires listeners to adopt an egocentric or "other-centric" frame of reference. In the current task, objects could be interpreted relative to the point-of-view of the listener (egocentric) or of a simulated partner (other-centric). Across three studies, we evaluated participants' willingness to consider and act on partner-specific information, showing that a partner's perceived ability to contribute to collaborative mutual understanding modulated participants' perspective-taking behavior, either by increasing other-centric (Study 2) or egocentric (Study 3) responding. Moreover, we show that a large proportion of participants resolved referential ambiguity in terms of their partner's perspective, even when it was more cognitively difficult to do so (as tracked by online movement measures), and when the presence of a social partner had to be assumed (Studies 1 and 2). In addition, participants continued to consider their partner's perspective during trials where visual perspectives were shared. Our results show that participants will thoroughly invest in either an other-centric or egocentric mode of responding, and that perspective-taking strategies are not always dictated by minimizing processing demands, but by more potent (albeit subtle) factors in the social context.
我们在一项需要听众采用自我或“他人中心”参照系的视空间心理旋转任务中探索了换位思考行为。在当前任务中，物体可以相对于听众的视角（自我中心）或模拟伙伴的视角（他人中心）来解释。在三项研究中，我们评估了参与者考虑和采取伙伴特定信息的意愿，表明伙伴被感知到的对协作相互理解的贡献能力调节了参与者的换位思考行为，要么通过增加他人中心（研究 2），要么通过增加自我中心（研究 3）。此外，我们表明，即使从认知上更难做到（如通过在线运动测量来跟踪），并且必须假设社会伙伴的存在（研究 1 和 2），很大一部分参与者会根据他们伙伴的视角来解决指代模糊性。此外，参与者在视觉视角共享的试验中继续考虑他们伙伴的视角。我们的结果表明，参与者将彻底投入到自我中心或他人中心的反应模式中，并且换位思考策略并不总是由最小化处理需求决定，而是由社会背景中更有力（尽管微妙）的因素决定。
