Keenleyside Anne
Arctic Anthropol. 2003;40(1):48-69. doi: 10.1353/arc.2011.0069.
Compared to other regions of North America, there have been relatively few paleopathological studies of arctic populations to date, particularly those aimed at elucidating patterns of health and disease prior to contact, and assessing temporal changes in disease patterns. In the present study, four Aleut skeletal samples representing one pre-contact population from Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands (N=65), and three late pre-contact/early contact period populations from Umnak, Kagamil, and Shiprock Islands (N=227), were examined macroscopically for indicators of health status. The analysis revealed some evidence of declining health in the late pre-contact/early contact period. Statistical comparisons of the earlier and later samples indicated a significantly higher frequency of cribra orbitalia and cranial infection in the later sample compared to the earlier one. Archaeological, epidemiological, and historical data point to several possible explanations for these findings, including the introduction of new pathogens by Europeans.
与北美其他地区相比，迄今为止，针对北极人群的古病理学研究相对较少，尤其是那些旨在阐明接触前的健康与疾病模式，以及评估疾病模式随时间变化的研究。在本研究中，对四个阿留申人骨骼样本进行了宏观检查，以确定健康状况指标。这些样本代表了来自阿留申群岛东部乌姆纳克岛的一个接触前人群（N = 65），以及来自乌姆纳克岛、卡加米尔岛和希普罗克岛的三个接触前后期/接触初期人群（N = 227）。分析揭示了在接触前后期/接触初期健康状况下降的一些证据。早期和后期样本的统计比较表明，后期样本中眶筛骨病变和颅骨感染的发生率明显高于早期样本。考古学、流行病学和历史数据为这些发现提供了几种可能的解释，包括欧洲人引入新病原体。
