Klemenc-Ketis Zalika, Hladnik Ziga, Kersnik Janko
University of Maribor, Medical Faculty, Department of Family Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia.
Coll Antropol. 2011 Jun;35(2):329-34.
Self-medication patterns in adults depend on sex. Self-medication among students is very common, but little is known about the influence of sex. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of self-medication college students and to determine the effect of sex on self-medication patterns. A web based incidence study conducted on a sample of Slovenian university students. The main outcome measures were percentages of male and female students reporting the use of self-medication in the past year. A majority of students (92.3%) reported the use of some sort of self-medication in the past year. Most female students (94.1%) and most male students (90.9%) reported the use of self-medication in the past year. The difference was not statistically significant. More female students than male ones (p < 0.05) acquired the drugs for self-medication in pharmacies, used OTC drugs, herbal teas, herbs, vitamins and minerals, remedies for muscle mass gain, antibiotics, benzodiazepines, antacids, acetylsalicylic acid, topical corticosteroids, and nasal decongestives only with the advice of physicians or pharmacists, and thought that increasing drug dosage can be dangerous, that in case of side effects physicians' help must be sought, that no drug can be used during pregnancy, and that self-treatment can mask the symptoms and signs of diseases so the physicians can overlook them easily. Sex appears to be important factor in self-medication patterns even in young adults, such as students. The physicians should actively seek the presence of self-medication in this population. Inappropriate or unsafe use should be properly addressed and managed.
成年人的自我药疗模式取决于性别。学生中的自我药疗现象非常普遍，但关于性别的影响却知之甚少。本研究的目的是确定大学生自我药疗的发生率，并确定性别对自我药疗模式的影响。对斯洛文尼亚大学生样本进行了一项基于网络的发生率研究。主要观察指标是报告在过去一年中使用自我药疗的男女生百分比。大多数学生（92.3%）报告在过去一年中使用过某种自我药疗。大多数女生（94.1%）和大多数男生（90.9%）报告在过去一年中使用过自我药疗。差异无统计学意义。在药房购买自我药疗药物、使用非处方药、花草茶、草药、维生素和矿物质、增加肌肉量的药物、抗生素、苯二氮䓬类药物、抗酸剂、乙酰水杨酸、外用皮质类固醇和减充血剂的女生比男生多（p<0.05），且只有在医生或药剂师的建议下才使用这些药物，他们还认为增加药物剂量可能危险，出现副作用时必须寻求医生帮助，怀孕期间不能使用任何药物，自我治疗会掩盖疾病的症状和体征，医生可能会轻易忽略这些症状和体征。即使在年轻人（如学生）中，性别似乎也是自我药疗模式中的一个重要因素。医生应积极探寻该人群中自我药疗的情况。应妥善处理和管理不适当或不安全的用药行为。
