Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
Dev Neurobiol. 2011 Nov;71(11):1054-72. doi: 10.1002/dneu.20950.
The somatosensory nervous system is responsible for the transmission of a multitude of sensory information from specialized receptors in the periphery to the central nervous system. Sensory afferents can potentially be damaged at several sites: in the peripheral nerve; the dorsal root; or the dorsal columns of the spinal cord; and the success of regeneration depends on the site of injury. The regeneration of peripheral nerve branches following injury is relatively successful compared to central branches. This is largely attributed to the presence of neurotrophic factors and a Schwann cell basement membrane rich in permissive extracellular matrix (ECM) components which promote axonal regeneration in the peripheral nerve. Modulation of the ECM environment and/or neuronal integrins may enhance regenerative potential of sensory neurons following peripheral or central nerve injury or disease. This review describes the interactions between integrins and ECM molecules (particularly the growth supportive ligands, laminin, and fibronectin; and the growth inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs)) during development and regeneration of sensory neurons following physical injury or neuropathy.
躯体感觉神经系统负责将大量来自外周特殊感受器的感觉信息传递到中枢神经系统。感觉传入纤维在多个部位都有可能受损：在周围神经、背根、或脊髓背柱；而再生的成功与否取决于损伤的部位。与中枢分支相比，外周神经分支损伤后的再生相对成功。这主要归因于神经营养因子的存在和富含允许细胞外基质（ECM）成分的施万细胞基膜，这些成分促进外周神经中的轴突再生。调节 ECM 环境和/或神经元整合素可能会增强外周或中枢神经损伤或疾病后感觉神经元的再生潜力。这篇综述描述了整合素与 ECM 分子（特别是生长支持配体层粘连蛋白和纤维连接蛋白；以及生长抑制性硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖（CSPGs））在感觉神经元物理损伤或神经病变后的发育和再生过程中的相互作用。
