Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Adv Virus Res. 2011;80:103-27. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385987-7.00005-1.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Nef protein is necessary for high viral loads and for timely progression to AIDS. Nef plays a number of roles, but its effect on antigen presentation and immune evasion are among the best characterized. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize and lyse virally infected cells by detecting viral antigens in complex with host major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on the infected cell surface. The HIV Nef protein disrupts antigen presentation at the cell surface by interfering with the normal trafficking pathway of MHC-I and thus reduces CTL recognition and lysis of infected cells. The molecular mechanism by which Nef causes MHC-I downmodulation is becoming more clear, but some questions remain. A better understanding of how Nef disrupts antigen presentation may lead to the development of drugs that enhance the ability of the anti-HIV CTLs to control HIV disease.
人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的 Nef 蛋白对于高病毒载量和及时进展为艾滋病是必要的。Nef 发挥了多种作用，但它对抗原呈递和免疫逃逸的影响是最具特征的。细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞 (CTL) 通过识别病毒感染细胞表面与宿主主要组织相容性复合体 I 类 (MHC-I) 分子结合的病毒抗原，来识别和裂解病毒感染的细胞。HIV Nef 蛋白通过干扰 MHC-I 的正常运输途径，在细胞表面破坏抗原呈递，从而减少 CTL 对感染细胞的识别和裂解。Nef 导致 MHC-I 下调的分子机制变得越来越清晰，但仍存在一些问题。更好地了解 Nef 如何破坏抗原呈递，可能会导致开发出增强抗 HIV CTL 控制 HIV 疾病能力的药物。
