Division of Child Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0137, USA.
Pediatr Neurol. 2011 Aug;45(2):67-71. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2011.03.009.
In a population-based retrospective cohort of 5,353,022 California births from 1991 to 2000, 3,152 newborns were diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus during the birth hospitalization. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of infants with and without congenital hydrocephalus, and examined in-hospital fatality rates. The prevalence of congenital hydrocephalus was 5.9 per 10,000. During the study period, there was a decline in congenital hydrocephalus due to spina bifida (1.4 to 0.9 per 10,000), and an increase in congenital hydrocephalus due to obstructive hydrocephalus (0.5 to 1.0 per 10,000). Independent risk factors for congenital hydrocephalus were birth weight <1,500 g (odds ratio [OR] 51.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 47.7-55.8) and birth weight 1,500-2,000 g (OR 14.1, 95% CI 12.4-16) compared to birth weight greater than 2,000 g, low socioeconomic status (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4-1.6), and male sex (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3). Asians had a decreased risk for congenital hydrocephalus (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.8) when compared to whites. Thirteen percent of affected neonates died before hospital discharge.
在一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究中，纳入了 1991 年至 2000 年期间加利福尼亚州的 5353022 例出生病例，其中有 3152 名新生儿在分娩住院期间被诊断为先天性脑积水。我们比较了患有和不患有先天性脑积水的婴儿的人口统计学和临床特征，并检查了院内死亡率。先天性脑积水的患病率为每 10000 例 5.9 例。在研究期间，由于脊柱裂导致的先天性脑积水的患病率有所下降（从每 10000 例 1.4 例降至 0.9 例），而由于阻塞性脑积水导致的先天性脑积水的患病率有所上升（从每 10000 例 0.5 例升至 1.0 例）。先天性脑积水的独立危险因素是出生体重<1500 克（比值比[OR]51.6，95%置信区间[CI]47.7-55.8）和出生体重 1500-2000 克（OR 14.1，95% CI 12.4-16）与出生体重>2000 克相比，社会经济地位较低（OR 1.5，95% CI 1.4-1.6）和男性（OR 1.2，95% CI 1.1-1.3）。与白人相比，亚洲人患先天性脑积水的风险降低（OR 0.7，95% CI 0.6-0.8）。13%的受影响新生儿在出院前死亡。
