Dighe Manjiri K, Bhargava Puneet, Wright Jonathan
Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195-7117, USA.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2011 Jul-Aug;35(4):411-24. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0b013e31821c2e9d.
Bladder carcinoma is the fourth most common cancer in men and women. Knowledge of imaging options and appearance is necessary for both radiologists and urologists. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common bladder neoplasm with squamous cell and adenocarcinoma found in less than 10% of cases. Benign lesions are uncommon, but some can be suggested by their imaging appearance. Similarly, malignant lesions often have suggestive appearance and/or location. Cystoscopy allows tissue diagnosis and treatment of superficial lesions. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) both have limitations in detailing depth of muscle invasion, both have a prominent role helping to define the lesion and in staging. This article illustrates the role of MRI and CT in evaluating bladder masses with a discussion of the newer techniques of MR diffusion-weighted imaging and virtual cystoscopy by CT or MRI. This article reviews the multiple benign and malignant lesions of the bladder so that the reader can appreciate the role of cystoscopy, CT, MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and virtual cystoscopy in dealing with these relatively common tumors.
膀胱癌是男性和女性中第四常见的癌症。放射科医生和泌尿科医生都需要了解成像选项及其表现。移行细胞癌是最常见的膀胱肿瘤，鳞状细胞癌和腺癌的病例不到10%。良性病变并不常见，但有些可以通过其影像学表现提示。同样，恶性病变通常也有提示性的表现和/或位置。膀胱镜检查可对浅表病变进行组织诊断和治疗。尽管磁共振成像（MRI）和计算机断层扫描（CT）在详细显示肌肉浸润深度方面都有局限性，但两者在帮助确定病变和分期方面都起着重要作用。本文通过讨论MR扩散加权成像以及CT或MRI虚拟膀胱镜检查等新技术，阐述了MRI和CT在评估膀胱肿块中的作用。本文回顾了膀胱的多种良性和恶性病变，以便读者了解膀胱镜检查、CT、MRI、扩散加权成像和虚拟膀胱镜检查在处理这些相对常见肿瘤中的作用。
