Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Infection and Immunity Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
Mediators Inflamm. 2011;2011:186093. doi: 10.1155/2011/186093. Epub 2011 Jun 21.
In the last twenty years, the general view of the plasma membrane has changed from a homogeneous arrangement of lipids to a mosaic of microdomains. It is currently thought that islands of highly ordered saturated lipids and cholesterol, which are laterally mobile, exist in the plane of the plasma membrane. Lipid rafts are thought to provide a means to explain the spatial segregation of certain signalling pathways emanating from the cell surface. They seem to provide the necessary microenvironment in order for certain specialised signalling events to take place, such as the innate immune recognition. The innate immune system seems to employ germ-lined encoded receptors, called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), in order to detect pathogens. One family of such receptors are the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are the central "sensing" apparatus of the innate immune system. In recent years, it has become apparent that TLRs are recruited into membrane microdomains in response to ligands. These nanoscale assemblies of sphingolipid, cholesterol, and TLRs stabilize and coalesce, forming signalling platforms, which transduce signals that lead to innate immune activation. In the current paper, we will investigate all past and current literature concerning recruitment of extracellular and intracellular TLRs into lipid rafts and how this membrane organization modulates innate immune responses.
在过去的二十年中，人们对质膜的总体看法已经从脂质的均匀排列转变为微区的镶嵌。目前认为，高度有序的饱和脂质和胆固醇岛存在于质膜的平面中，这些脂质岛是侧向可移动的。脂质筏被认为提供了一种解释源自细胞表面的某些信号通路空间分隔的方法。它们似乎为某些特定的信号事件的发生提供了必要的微环境，例如先天免疫识别。先天免疫系统似乎利用种系编码的受体，称为模式识别受体（PRRs），来检测病原体。这样的受体家族之一是 Toll 样受体（TLRs），它们是先天免疫系统的中央“感应”装置。近年来，TLRs 在配体的作用下被招募到膜微区这一事实变得明显。这些神经鞘脂、胆固醇和 TLR 的纳米级组装稳定并合并，形成信号转导平台，从而转导导致先天免疫激活的信号。在当前的论文中，我们将研究有关细胞外和细胞内 TLR 招募到脂筏中的所有过去和当前的文献，以及这种膜组织如何调节先天免疫反应。
