Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA.
Ecol Appl. 2011 Jun;21(4):1039-54. doi: 10.1890/09-0501.1.
Landscape implications of bioenergy feedstock choices are significant and depend on land-use practices and their environmental impacts. Although land-use changes and carbon emissions associated with bioenergy feedstock production are dynamic and complicated, lignocellulosic feedstocks may offer opportunities that enhance sustainability when compared to other transportation fuel alternatives. For bioenergy sustainability, major drivers and concerns revolve around energy security, food production, land productivity, soil carbon and erosion, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity, air quality, and water quantity and quality. The many implications of bioenergy feedstock choices require several indicators at multiple scales to provide a more complete accounting of effects. Ultimately, the long-term sustainability of bioenergy feedstock resources (as well as food supplies) throughout the world depends on land-use practices and landscape dynamics. Land-management decisions often invoke trade-offs among potential environmental effects and social and economic factors as well as future opportunities for resource use. The hypothesis being addressed in this paper is that sustainability of bioenergy feedstock production can be achieved via appropriately designed crop residue and perennial lignocellulosic systems. We find that decision makers need scientific advancements and adequate data that both provide quantitative and qualitative measures of the effects of bioenergy feedstock choices at different spatial and temporal scales and allow fair comparisons among available options for renewable liquid fuels.
生物能源原料选择对景观的影响是巨大的，这取决于土地利用方式及其环境影响。尽管生物能源原料生产相关的土地利用变化和碳排放是动态且复杂的，但与其他交通燃料替代品相比，木质纤维素原料可能会提供增强可持续性的机会。对于生物能源的可持续性，主要的驱动因素和关注点包括能源安全、粮食生产、土地生产力、土壤碳和侵蚀、温室气体排放、生物多样性、空气质量以及水的数量和质量。生物能源原料选择的诸多影响需要在多个尺度上使用多个指标，以更全面地说明其影响。最终，全球生物能源原料资源（包括粮食供应）的长期可持续性取决于土地利用方式和景观动态。土地管理决策通常会在潜在环境影响以及社会和经济因素之间进行权衡，同时也会考虑未来资源利用的机会。本文所探讨的假设是，通过合理设计的作物残茬和多年生木质纤维素系统，可以实现生物能源原料生产的可持续性。我们发现，决策者需要科学的进步和充分的数据，这些数据既可以提供不同时空尺度上生物能源原料选择影响的定量和定性衡量标准，也可以在可再生液体燃料的现有选择之间进行公平比较。
