Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Integr Comp Biol. 2011 Nov;51(5):703-18. doi: 10.1093/icb/icr027. Epub 2011 Jul 20.
Genetic adaptation to temperature change can impact responses of populations and communities to global warming. Here we integrate previously published results on experimental evolution trials with follow-up experiments involving the water flea Daphnia as a model system. Our research shows (1) the capacity of natural populations of this species to genetically adapt to changes in temperature in a time span of months to years, (2) the context-dependence of these genetic changes, emphasizing the role of ecology and community composition on evolutionary responses to climatic change, and (3) the impact of micro-evolutionary changes on immigration success of preadapted genotypes. Our study involves (1) experimental evolution trials in the absence and presence of the community of competitors, predators, and parasites, (2) life-table and competition experiments to assess the fitness consequences of micro-evolution, and (3) competition experiments with putative immigrant genotypes. We use these observations as building blocks of an evolving metacommunity to understand biological responses to climatic change. This approach integrates both local and regional responses at both the population and community levels. Finally, we provide an outline of current gaps in knowledge and suggest fruitful avenues for future research.
遗传适应温度变化可以影响种群和群落对全球变暖的反应。在这里，我们整合了先前关于实验进化试验的结果，并进行了后续实验，以水蚤为模型系统。我们的研究表明：（1）该物种的自然种群在数月至数年内遗传适应温度变化的能力；（2）这些遗传变化的背景依赖性，强调了生态学和群落组成对气候变化进化反应的作用；（3）微观进化变化对预先适应基因型移民成功的影响。我们的研究包括：（1）在不存在和存在竞争者、捕食者和寄生虫群落的情况下进行实验进化试验；（2）生命表和竞争实验，以评估微观进化的适应后果；（3）与假定的移民基因型进行竞争实验。我们将这些观察结果作为一个不断发展的集合群落的构建模块，以了解生物对气候变化的反应。这种方法整合了种群和群落水平的本地和区域反应。最后，我们提供了当前知识差距的概述，并提出了未来研究的有成果的途径。
