Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
J Appl Microbiol. 2011 Oct;111(4):787-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05106.x. Epub 2011 Aug 15.
Marine ecosystems are home to bacteria which are exposed to a wide variety of environmental conditions, such as extremes in temperature, salinity, nutrient availability and pressure. Survival under these conditions must have necessitated the adaptation and the development of unique cellular biochemistry and metabolism by these microbes. Thus, enzymes isolated from these microbes have the potential to possess quite unique physiological and biochemical properties. This review outlines a number of function-based metagenomic approaches which are available to screen metagenomic libraries constructed from marine ecosystems to facilitate the exploitation of some of these potentially novel biocatalysts. Functional screens to isolate novel cellulases, lipases and esterases, proteases, laccases, oxidoreductases and biosurfactants are described, together with approaches which can be employed to help overcome some of the typical problems encountered with functional metagenomic-based screens.
海洋生态系统是细菌的家园，这些细菌暴露在各种各样的环境条件下，如温度、盐度、营养物质可用性和压力的极端变化。在这些条件下生存，这些微生物必然需要适应和发展独特的细胞生物化学和新陈代谢。因此，从这些微生物中分离出的酶有可能具有独特的生理和生化特性。本综述概述了一些基于功能的宏基因组学方法，这些方法可用于筛选从海洋生态系统构建的宏基因组文库，以促进利用其中一些潜在的新型生物催化剂。本文描述了分离新型纤维素酶、脂肪酶和酯酶、蛋白酶、漆酶、氧化还原酶和生物表面活性剂的功能筛选方法，以及可用于帮助克服基于功能宏基因组筛选中遇到的一些典型问题的方法。
