Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;27(5):439-43. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e328349e2e1.
This review presents recent advancements in the mechanisms by which integrated signaling mechanisms elicit and regulate pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) can stimulate exocrine secretion by acting directly on neurons located in the dorsal motor of the vagus or indirectly by acting on pancreatic stellate cells. The importance of small GTPases such as RhoA and Rac1 in CCK-induced pancreatic secretion is also described. Ghrelin attenuates insulin secretion through the AMP-activated protein kinase-uncoupling protein 2 pathway. An exciting new report describes that leptin can influence insulin release by osteoclastin, a hormone produced by osteoblasts. This finding adds a new layer of complexity in the regulation of insulin secretion with implications for glucose and energy homeostasis. In addition, leptin also mediates insulin secretion through the sympathetic system and via pro-opiomelanocortin neurons, which could serve as the cross-road for leptin and melanocortin signaling pathways. Recent reports on the action of numerous other regulators such as atrial natriuretic peptide, neurotensin, and orexin B are also discussed.
The pancreas is an extremely complex gland. Elucidation of the secretory and regulatory pathways that control pancreatic secretion will aid in the development of treatment for diseases such as pancreatitis, diabetes, and obesity.
本篇综述介绍了综合信号机制引发和调节胰腺内分泌和外分泌分泌的机制的最新进展。
胆囊收缩素 (CCK) 可通过直接作用于迷走神经背核中的神经元或间接作用于胰腺星状细胞来刺激外分泌分泌。还描述了小 GTPases(如 RhoA 和 Rac1)在 CCK 诱导的胰腺分泌中的重要性。Ghrelin 通过 AMP 激活蛋白激酶-解偶联蛋白 2 途径减弱胰岛素分泌。令人兴奋的新报告描述了瘦素可以通过成骨细胞产生的激素骨钙素影响胰岛素释放。这一发现为胰岛素分泌的调节增加了一个新的复杂性,对葡萄糖和能量稳态有影响。此外,瘦素还通过交感神经系统和前阿黑皮素原神经元介导胰岛素分泌,这可能成为瘦素和黑素皮质素信号通路的交叉点。还讨论了许多其他调节剂(如心房钠尿肽、神经降压素和食欲素 B)的作用的最新报告。
胰腺是一个极其复杂的腺体。阐明控制胰腺分泌的分泌和调节途径将有助于治疗胰腺炎、糖尿病和肥胖症等疾病。