Fort Collins Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, AECOM, 4303 W. LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
Ecotoxicology. 2011 Nov;20(8):2019-29. doi: 10.1007/s10646-011-0745-7. Epub 2011 Jul 22.
Acute silver toxicity studies were conducted with and without food for four common freshwater test species: Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow-FHM), and Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout-RBT) in order to generate acute-to-chronic ratios (ACR). The studies were conducted similarly (i.e., static-renewal or flow-through) to chronic/early-life stage studies that were previously performed in this laboratory. The acute toxicity (EC/LC50 values) of silver without food ranged from 0.57 μg dissolved Ag/l for C.dubia to 9.15 μg dissolved Ag/l for RBT. The presence of food resulted in an increase in EC/LC50 values from 1.25× for RBT to 22.4× for C. dubia. Invertebrate food type was also shown to effect acute silver toxicity. Food did not affect EC/LC50s or ACRs as greatly in fish studies as in invertebrate studies. ACRs for both invertebrate species were <1.0 when using acute studies without food but were 1.22 and 1.33 when using acute studies with food. ACRs for FHMs ranged from 4.06 to 7.19, while RBT ACRs ranged from 28.6 to 35.8 depending on whether food was present in acute studies. The data generated from this research program should be useful in re-determining a final ACR for silver in freshwater as well as in risk assessments.
进行了急性银毒性研究，包括有食物和无食物条件下四种常见淡水测试物种：大型溞（Daphnia magna）、双尾溞（Ceriodaphnia dubia）、褐鳟（Pimephales promelas，即胖头鱼-FHM）和虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss，即虹鳟-RBT），以生成急性至慢性比值（ACR）。这些研究与本实验室之前进行的慢性/早期生活阶段研究类似（即静态更新或流动通过）。无食物时银的急性毒性（EC/LC50 值）范围为 0.57μg 溶解 Ag/l （C.dubia）至 9.15μg 溶解 Ag/l （RBT）。食物的存在导致 EC/LC50 值增加，从 RBT 的 1.25×增加到 C. dubia 的 22.4×。无脊椎动物食物类型也显示会影响急性银毒性。与无脊椎动物研究相比，食物对鱼类研究中的 EC/LC50 和 ACR 的影响较小。在没有食物的急性研究中，两种无脊椎动物的 ACR 均<1.0，但在有食物的急性研究中，Acr 分别为 1.22 和 1.33。胖头鱼的 ACR 范围为 4.06 至 7.19，而虹鳟的 ACR 范围为 28.6 至 35.8，具体取决于急性研究中是否存在食物。本研究计划产生的数据应有助于重新确定淡水银的最终 ACR 以及风险评估。
