Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
J Fish Biol. 2011 Aug;79(2):313-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03011.x. Epub 2011 Jul 14.
Pigment evolution was reconstructed in the subfamily Amphistichinae, a six-species clade of the surfperches, family Embiotocidae. Assignment was confirmed for all species within the subfamily, but low levels of differentiation were found among species within the subfamily, suggesting a recent radiation. The new phylogeny differs from previous hypotheses by the placement of the spotfin surfperch Hyperprosopon anale at the base of the subfamily, while still preserving the calico surfperch Amphistichus koelzi and the redtailed surfperch Amphistichus rhodoterus as sister species. Phenotypically, A. rhodoterus, A. koelzi and the silver surfperch Hyperprosopon ellipticum express high levels of red pigmentation. The barred surfperch, Amphistichus argenteus and the walleye surfperch Hyperprosopon argenteum express little to no red pigment, while basal H. anale expresses an intermediate amount of red pigment. Red pigmentation is proposed to have experienced parallel divergent evolution in each genus within the subfamily.
色素进化在鲈形目 Embiotocidae 家族的六物种丛鲷亚科 Amphistichinae 中得到重建。亚科内的所有物种都得到了确认，但亚科内的物种之间分化程度较低，表明最近发生了辐射。新的系统发育与以前的假设不同，斑点鳍鲷 Hyperprosopon anale 位于亚科的基部，而仍然保留了卡利科鲷 Amphistichus koelzi 和红尾鲷 Amphistichus rhodoterus 作为姐妹种。表型上，A. rhodoterus、A. koelzi 和银鲷 Hyperprosopon ellipticum 表达高水平的红色素。条纹鲷 Amphistichus argenteus 和小眼鲷 Hyperprosopon argenteum 表达很少或没有红色素，而基础的 H. anale 表达中等量的红色素。红色素被认为在亚科内的每个属中经历了平行的趋异进化。
