National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Atlantic Salmon Research and Conservation Task, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
J Fish Biol. 2011 Aug;79(2):374-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03025.x.
A surface trawl survey (2001-2005) in Penobscot Bay, Maine, U.S.A., and the nearshore Gulf of Maine waters was conducted to investigate early marine dynamics of a hatchery-dependent Atlantic salmon Salmo salar population from a severely modified river system. Data generated were used to evaluate the effect of stocking location and time on migration success and to describe the migratory pathways and environments that post-smolts traverse. Significant differences in early migration success were detected among different stocking groups, but subsequent marine survival was independent of stocking group. While the post-smolt population was primarily composed of hatchery origin smolt-stocked fish, other life-stage stocking strategies (i.e. parr stocking) represented a higher proportion of the population than previously assumed. Catch distribution suggests evidence of an initial marine migratory pathway out of the dynamic Penobscot Bay environment. The hypothesized benefits of a predator refuge based on the co-occurring species complex is considered minimal for emigrating post-smolts given a mismatch in the size overlap among species and low abundance of other co-occurring diadromous populations. These data can be used to modify current management actions to optimize S. salar recovery and inform future research agendas.
美国缅因州彭诺斯科特湾的表层拖网调查（2001-2005 年）和近岸缅因湾海域的调查旨在研究来自严重改造的河流系统的依赖孵化场的大西洋鲑鱼 Salmo salar 种群的早期海洋动态。所产生的数据用于评估放流地点和时间对洄游成功的影响，并描述幼鱼洄游所经过的迁徙路径和环境。不同放流群体之间的早期洄游成功率存在显著差异，但随后的海洋存活率与放流群体无关。尽管幼鱼群体主要由孵化场来源的幼鱼放流鱼类组成，但其他生命阶段的放流策略（即幼鱼放流）在种群中的比例高于先前的假设。捕捞分布表明，有证据表明幼鱼最初从动态的彭诺斯科特湾环境中洄游出海。考虑到物种间大小重叠不匹配且其他同时洄游种群数量较少，基于共同出现的物种复合体的捕食者避难所的假设益处对于洄游的幼鱼来说是最小的。这些数据可用于修改当前的管理措施，以优化 S. salar 的恢复，并为未来的研究议程提供信息。
