Hersh E M, Funk C Y, Petersen E A, Mosier D E
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson 85724.
Dev Biol Stand. 1990;72:355-63.
Diethyldithiocarbamate (Ditiocarb) is a drug with diverse biological activities suggesting that it may have multiple, clinical uses. Thus, it is an inhibitor of such enzymes as cytochrome P450, it is a chelating agent for nickel and cadmium, it is a free-radical scavenger and finally, it is an immunomodulator. As such, it can restore the immune responses of immunosuppressed mice. In the murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency disease (LP-BM5 in C57 black 10 mice), it can prevent the development of disease when given from the day of virus inoculation until 2 weeks after virus inoculation. In addition, it can reverse disease manifestations including lymphadenopathy when started as late as 10 weeks after virus inoculation. Associated with these effects is a reduction in mortality from 100 percent to between 0 and 10 percent. When drug is stopped however, disease progression resumes. In man, Ditiocarb has been used in a series of open, non-randomized as well as randomized prospectively-controlled clinical trials in patients with HIV infection. Three randomized placebo-controlled studies have been conducted. In the largest of these, involving 389 patients, Ditiocarb was shown to be safe, non-toxic and effective. Thus, there was a 62 percent reduction in new opportunistic infections (OI) in all of the treated patients, a 50 percent reduction in ARC patients and an 82 percent reduction in AIDS patients. When new and recurrent OI and other events indicating progression were taken together, there were 17 events in 193 treated patients and 42 events in 196 placebo control patients. Statistically significant reductions in these events were seen in ARC patients, AIDS patients and all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸盐（二硫卡钠）是一种具有多种生物学活性的药物，这表明它可能有多种临床用途。因此，它是细胞色素P450等酶的抑制剂，是镍和镉的螯合剂，是自由基清除剂，最后，它还是一种免疫调节剂。正因为如此，它可以恢复免疫抑制小鼠的免疫反应。在鼠逆转录病毒诱导的免疫缺陷疾病（C57黑10小鼠中的LP - BM5）中，从病毒接种当天到病毒接种后2周给药，它可以预防疾病的发展。此外，在病毒接种后10周才开始给药，它可以逆转包括淋巴结病在内的疾病表现。与这些作用相关的是死亡率从100%降至0至10%之间。然而，当停药时，疾病进展会恢复。在人类中，二硫卡钠已用于一系列针对HIV感染患者的开放、非随机以及前瞻性对照的临床试验。已经进行了三项随机安慰剂对照研究。在其中规模最大的一项研究中，涉及389名患者，结果表明二硫卡钠安全、无毒且有效。因此，所有接受治疗的患者中新发机会性感染（OI）减少了62%，ARC患者减少了50%，AIDS患者减少了82%。当将新的和复发性OI以及其他表明病情进展的事件综合起来看时，193名接受治疗的患者中有17起事件，196名安慰剂对照患者中有42起事件。在ARC患者、AIDS患者和所有患者中，这些事件在统计学上都有显著减少。（摘要截选至250字）
