Buckinghamshire Healthcare Trust, Wycombe General Hospital, Queen Alexandra Road, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire HP11 2TT, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2011 Aug;70(3):293-8. doi: 10.1017/S002966511100053X.
Enteral feeding (or 'tube feeding') is a very common inpatient intervention to maintain nutritional status where the oral route is inadequate, unsafe or inaccessible. A proportion of patients will need to continue tube feeding in the community after their admission and will require a gastrostomy tube. Although gastrostomy insertion is relatively straightforward, it is not without complications in an often frail and vulnerable group of patients and a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to ensure that the procedure is appropriate. Some patients are better managed with careful assisted hand feeding or nasogastric tubes. Particular care needs to be taken in deciding whether patients with dementia should have a gastrostomy in view of data suggesting that this group of patients have a particularly poor prognosis after the procedure. Decisions regarding the provision of enteral nutrition at the end of life or where patients are not competent to make an informed judgement are particularly challenging and need to be made on a case-by-case basis.
肠内喂养（或“管饲”）是一种非常常见的住院患者干预措施，用于维持营养状况，当口服途径不足、不安全或无法使用时。一部分患者在住院后需要继续在社区进行管饲，并需要胃造口管。尽管胃造口术的插入相对简单，但对于一组往往身体虚弱和脆弱的患者来说并非没有并发症，需要多学科方法来确保该程序是合适的。一些患者通过精心辅助手动喂养或鼻胃管更好地进行管理。在决定是否应该为痴呆症患者进行胃造口术时需要特别小心，因为有数据表明，这组患者在手术后的预后特别差。在生命末期或患者没有能力做出明智判断的情况下提供肠内营养的决定特别具有挑战性，需要根据具体情况做出决定。
