Dewsbury D A
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
Am Psychol. 1990 Mar;45(3):315-27. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.45.3.315.
The current conflict between animal psychologists and animal rights activists often is presented as a recent and unique phenomenon. Although its scope may be unprecedented, the fundamental issues are longstanding. Early criticisms of animal psychologists are viewed in the context of the broader Victorian antivivisectionist movement and are seen as similar to those of the present time. Various attitudes toward animals and research were expressed by individuals such as Charles Darwin, George John Romanes, William James, and John Dewey. Media attacks on animal research were directed at psychologists such as G. Stanley Hall, John B. Watson, Ivan P. Pavlov, and Edward L. Thorndike. The American Psychological Association Committee on Precautions in Animal Experimentation was founded in 1925 at the instigation of Walter B. Cannon, with Robert M. Yerkes as the first chair.
当前动物心理学家与动物权利活动家之间的冲突，常常被视为一种近期出现的独特现象。尽管其范围可能史无前例，但根本问题却由来已久。早期对动物心理学家的批评，放在更广泛的维多利亚时代反活体解剖运动的背景下来看，被视为与当下的批评类似。查尔斯·达尔文、乔治·约翰·罗曼尼斯、威廉·詹姆斯和约翰·杜威等人士表达了对动物及研究的各种态度。媒体对动物研究的抨击，针对的是诸如G. 斯坦利·霍尔、约翰·B. 华生、伊万·P. 巴甫洛夫和爱德华·L. 桑代克等心理学家。美国心理学会动物实验预防措施委员会于1925年在沃尔特·B. 坎农的鼓动下成立，罗伯特·M. 耶基斯担任首任主席。
