Sibthorp Jim, Morgan Cass
Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism, University of Utah, USA.
New Dir Youth Dev. 2011 Summer;2011(130):105-19. doi: 10.1002/yd.400.
Despite functioning on the periphery of academic scholarship, theory development, and rigorous science, the better adventure-based programs are functioning at the forefront of professional youth practices. This article links the core elements and processes of adventure programs to the literature on positive youth development and quality youth programming. Contemporary work on developmental systems theory, developmental cascades, and initiative are well aligned with the historical, philosophical, and pro-grammatic roots of adventure education. In addition, adventure programs afford some powerful experiences by way of distinct features such as isolation, dosage, different physical environments, holistic approaches, social experiences, and program novelty. This combination of features often provides a microcosm for youth to live, learn, experiment, and grow. Despite the strengths in prototypical adventure programs, they remain less accessible and are not easily delivered to many youth. Although there are clearly differences in adventure program and other youth activities, many of the qualities of adventure programs can be included in a broader and more accessible spectrum of youth opportunities. This article thus explains the congruency between the literature on positive youth development and adventure programs and generalizes current tenets of adventure programs to the broader context of youth practice. It is time to recognize the important role that adventure programs play for many youth and fully embrace what these diverse and successful programs can teach the general field of positive youth development.
尽管在学术研究、理论发展和严谨科学的边缘发挥作用，但一些较好的基于冒险的项目却处于专业青少年实践的前沿。本文将冒险项目的核心要素和过程与积极青少年发展及优质青少年项目的文献联系起来。当代关于发展系统理论、发展级联和主动性的研究与冒险教育的历史、哲学和项目根源高度契合。此外，冒险项目通过诸如独处、剂量、不同的物理环境、整体方法、社交体验和项目新颖性等独特特征提供了一些强大的体验。这些特征的组合常常为青少年提供了一个生活、学习、实验和成长的缩影。尽管典型的冒险项目有其优势，但它们的参与度仍然较低，也不容易推广到许多青少年中。虽然冒险项目与其他青少年活动显然存在差异，但冒险项目的许多特质可以纳入更广泛、更容易获得的青少年机会范围。因此，本文解释了积极青少年发展文献与冒险项目之间的一致性，并将冒险项目的当前原则推广到更广泛的青少年实践背景中。是时候认识到冒险项目对许多青少年所起的重要作用，并充分接受这些多样且成功的项目能为积极青少年发展这一总体领域所带来的启示了。
