University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Food Science, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2011 Aug;94(8):4237-41. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-4310.
The objective of this study was to evaluate possible claims by advocates of small-scale dairy farming that milk from smaller Wisconsin farms is of higher quality than milk from larger Wisconsin farms. Reported bulk tank standard plate count (SPC) and somatic cell count (SCC) test results for Wisconsin dairy farms were obtained for February to December, 2008. Farms were sorted into 3 size categories using available size-tracking criteria: small (≤118 cows; 12,866 farms), large (119-713 cattle; 1,565 farms), and confined animal feeding operations (≥714 cattle; 160 farms). Group means were calculated (group=farm size category) for the farms' minimum, median, mean, 90th percentile, and maximum SPC and SCC. Statistical analysis showed that group means for median, mean, 90th percentile, and maximum SPC and SCC were almost always significantly higher for the small farm category than for the large farm and confined animal feeding operations farm categories. With SPC and SCC as quality criteria and the 3 farm size categories of ≤118, 119 to 713, and ≥714 cattle, the claim of Wisconsin smaller farms producing higher quality milk than Wisconsin larger farms cannot be supported.
威斯康星州较小规模农场生产的牛奶比大规模农场的牛奶质量更高。报告了威斯康星州奶牛场 2008 年 2 月至 12 月的散装奶罐标准平板计数（SPC）和体细胞计数（SCC）测试结果。根据现有的规模跟踪标准，将农场分为 3 个规模类别：小（≤118 头牛；12866 个农场）、大（119-713 头；1565 个农场）和封闭动物饲养场（≥714 头；160 个农场）。计算了各农场的最低值、中位数、平均值、第 90 个百分位数和最大值 SPC 和 SCC 的组平均值（组=农场规模类别）。统计分析表明，中位数、平均值、第 90 个百分位数和最大值 SPC 和 SCC 的组平均值对于小型农场类别几乎总是显著高于大型农场和封闭动物饲养场类别。如果以 SPC 和 SCC 作为质量标准，且将威斯康星州的农场规模分为≤118 头、119-713 头和≥714 头这 3 个类别，那么威斯康星州较小规模农场生产的牛奶质量比大规模农场更高的说法是站不住脚的。
