Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Aug 15;45(16):7004-10. doi: 10.1021/es200215s. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
Whole body Zn concentrations in individuals (n = 825) from three aquatic insect taxa (mayflies Rhithrogena spp. and Drunella spp. and the caddisfly Arctopsyche grandis) were used to predict effects on populations and communities (n = 149 samples). Both mayflies accumulated significantly more Zn than the caddisfly. The presence/absence of Drunella spp. most reliably distinguished sites with low and high Zn concentrations; however, population densities of mayflies were more sensitive to increases in accumulated Zn. Critical tissue residues (634 μg/g Zn for Drunella spp. and 267 μg/g Zn for Rhithrogena spp.) caused a 20% reduction in maximum (90th quantile) mayfly densities. These critical tissue residues were associated with exposure to 7.0 and 3.9 μg/L dissolved Zn for Drunella spp. and Rhithrogena spp., respectively. A threshold in a measure of taxonomic completeness (observed/expected) was observed at 5.4 μg/L dissolved Zn. Dissolved Zn concentrations associated with critical tissue residues in mayflies were also associated with adverse effects in the aquatic community as a whole. These effects on populations and communities occurred at Zn concentrations below the U.S. EPA hardness-adjusted continuous chronic criterion.
从三种水生昆虫（蜉蝣 Rhithrogena spp. 和 Drunella spp. 以及石蛾 Arctopsyche grandis）中个体（n = 825）的全身体 Zn 浓度用于预测对种群和群落的影响（n = 149 个样本）。两种蜉蝣积累的 Zn 明显多于石蛾。Drunella spp. 的存在/不存在最可靠地区分了 Zn 浓度低和高的地点；然而，蜉蝣的种群密度对积累的 Zn 增加更为敏感。临界组织残留量（Drunella spp. 为 634μg/g Zn，Rhithrogena spp. 为 267μg/g Zn）导致最大（第 90 分位数）蜉蝣密度降低 20%。这些临界组织残留量与 Drunella spp. 和 Rhithrogena spp. 分别暴露于 7.0 和 3.9μg/L 溶解 Zn 有关。在一个分类完整性（观察/预期）的度量中观察到一个阈值，在 5.4μg/L 溶解 Zn 处。与蜉蝣临界组织残留量相关的溶解 Zn 浓度也与整个水生群落的不良影响有关。这些对种群和群落的影响发生在 Zn 浓度低于美国环保署硬度调整连续慢性标准之下。
