Synthesis and characterization of nickel inverse 9-metallacrown-3, palladium-silver, and dinuclear platinum complexes containing pyrazole-functionalized NHC ligands.

Three metallacrown nickel complexes Ni(3)(μ-OH)(L1)(3)(2) (1, L1 = 3-((N-methylimidazolylidenyl)methyl)-5-methylpyrazolate), Ni(3)(μ-OH)(L2)(3)(2) (2, L2 = 3-((N-mesitylimidazolylidenyl)methyl)-5-methylpyrazolate), and Ni(3)(μ-OH)(L3)(3)(2) (3, L3 = 3-((N-pyrimidin-2-ylimidazolylidenyl)methyl)-5-methylpyrazolate) were obtained by the reactions of corresponding silver-NHC complexes with Raney nickel powder at 45 °C. The same reaction at 80 °C afforded Ni(3)(L2)(4)(2) (4). The carbene-transfer reaction of the silver-carbene complex with (η(3)-C(3)H(5))PdCl yielded the heterotrimetallic complex AgPd(2)(η(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(L2)(2) (5), whereas the carbene-transfer reaction with Pt(cod)Cl(2) gave Pt(2)(L3)(2)(2) (6). All of these complexes have been fully characterized by ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of 1-6 were also studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. In 1-3, three nickel centers are bridged together by three pyrazole-NHC ligands and a hydroxide group, forming a 9-metallacrown-3 topology. Complex 4 is paramagnetic, consisting of two square-planar nickel(II) ions and one tetrahedral nickel ion in which three Ni ions are bridged by four pyrazolate units. In the mixed Pd-Ag complex 5, two palladium and one silver centers are bridged by two pyrazole-NHC ligands. Complex 5 showed good catalytic activity in the Sonogashira coupling reaction of aryl bromides and phenylacetylene under mild conditions typically catalyzed by Pd-Cu systems.