Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell St., Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Jan 1;120(1-3):35-40. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.06.013. Epub 2011 Jul 26.
Since methamphetamine and other amphetamine-type stimulants (meth/amphetamine) can damage dopaminergic neurons, researchers have long speculated that these drugs may predispose users to develop Parkinson's disease (PD), a dopamine deficiency neurological disorder.
We employed a retrospective population-based cohort study using all linked statewide California inpatient hospital episodes and death records from January 1, 1990 through December 31, 2005. Patients at least 30 years of age were followed for up to 16 years. Competing risks analysis was used to determine whether the meth/amphetamine cohort had elevated risk of developing PD (ICD-9 332.0; ICD-10 G20) in comparison to a matched population-proxy appendicitis group and a matched cocaine drug control group. Individuals admitted to hospital with meth/amphetamine-related conditions (n=40,472; ICD-9 codes 304.4, 305.7, 969.7, E854.2) were matched on age, race, sex, date of index admission, and patterns of hospital admission with patients with appendicitis conditions (n=207,831; ICD-9 codes 540-542) and also individuals with cocaine-use disorders (n=35,335; ICD-9 codes 304.2, 305.6, 968.5).
The meth/amphetamine cohort showed increased risk of PD compared to both that of the matched appendicitis group [hazard ratio (HR)=1.76, 95% CI: 1.12-2.75, p=0.017] and the matched cocaine group [HR=2.44, 95% CI: 1.32-4.41, p=0.004]. The cocaine group did not show elevated hazard of PD compared to the matched appendicitis group [HR=1.04, 95% CI: 0.56-1.93, p=0.80].
These data provide evidence that meth/amphetamine users have above-normal risk for developing PD.
由于甲基苯丙胺和其他苯丙胺类兴奋剂（冰毒/安非他命）会损害多巴胺能神经元，研究人员长期以来一直推测这些药物可能使使用者更容易患上帕金森病（PD），一种多巴胺缺乏的神经紊乱疾病。
我们采用了一项回顾性基于人群的队列研究，使用了 1990 年 1 月 1 日至 2005 年 12 月 31 日期间全州范围内所有的住院患者病历和死亡记录。年龄至少 30 岁的患者被随访长达 16 年。采用竞争风险分析来确定与匹配的阑尾炎患者组和匹配的可卡因药物对照组相比，冰毒/安非他命组是否有更高的患 PD（ICD-9 332.0；ICD-10 G20）风险。与冰毒/安非他命相关疾病（ICD-9 编码 304.4、305.7、969.7、E854.2）住院的患者（n=40472）与阑尾炎患者（ICD-9 编码 540-542）按年龄、种族、性别、入院日期和入院模式相匹配，也与可卡因使用障碍患者（n=35335；ICD-9 编码 304.2、305.6、968.5）相匹配。
与匹配的阑尾炎组相比，冰毒/安非他命组 PD 的发病风险更高[风险比（HR）=1.76，95%置信区间：1.12-2.75，p=0.017]，与匹配的可卡因组相比也更高[HR=2.44，95%置信区间：1.32-4.41，p=0.004]。与匹配的阑尾炎组相比，可卡因组 PD 的发病风险并未升高[HR=1.04，95%置信区间：0.56-1.93，p=0.80]。
这些数据提供了证据表明，冰毒/安非他命使用者患 PD 的风险高于正常水平。
