Burdett Hart Leslie, Rotstein Dave S, Wells Randall S, Bassos-Hull Kim, Schwacke Lori H
Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon St. Suite 303., Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2011 May 24;95(1):49-56. doi: 10.3354/dao02345.
Lacaziosis (lobomycosis; Lacazia loboi) is a fungal skin disease that naturally occurs only in humans and dolphins. The first reported case of lacaziosis in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus occurred in 1970 in Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA, and subsequent photo-ID monitoring of the Sarasota Bay dolphin population has revealed persistence of the disease. The objectives of this study were to estimate lacaziosis prevalence (P) in 2 bottlenose dolphin populations on the west coast of Florida (Sarasota Bay and Charlotte Harbor) and compare disease occurrence to other published estimates of lacaziosis in dolphin populations across the globe. Historic photographic records of dolphins captured and released for health assessment purposes (Sarasota Bay) and photo-ID studies (Charlotte Harbor) were screened for evidence of lesions consistent with lacaziosis. Health assessment data revealed a prevalence of lacaziosis in the Sarasota Bay bottlenose dolphin population between 2 and 3%, and analyses of photo-ID data provided a lacaziosis-like prevalence estimate of 2% for Charlotte Harbor dolphins. With the exception of lacaziosis prevalence estimates for dolphins inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon (P = 0.068; P = 0.12), no statistically significant differences were seen among Sarasota Bay, Charlotte Harbor, and other published estimates. Although lacaziosis is a rare disease among these dolphin populations, studies that assess disease burden among different populations can assist with the surveillance of this zoonotic pathogen.
芽生菌病（芽生菌性肉芽肿病；罗博芽生菌）是一种仅自然发生于人类和海豚的真菌性皮肤病。1970年，在美国佛罗里达州萨拉索塔湾首次报告了宽吻海豚患芽生菌病的病例，随后对萨拉索塔湾海豚种群进行的照片识别监测显示该疾病持续存在。本研究的目的是估计佛罗里达州西海岸两个宽吻海豚种群（萨拉索塔湾和夏洛特港）的芽生菌病患病率（P），并将疾病发生率与全球其他已发表的海豚种群芽生菌病估计值进行比较。对出于健康评估目的捕获并放归的海豚（萨拉索塔湾）的历史照片记录以及照片识别研究（夏洛特港）进行筛选，以寻找与芽生菌病相符的病变证据。健康评估数据显示，萨拉索塔湾宽吻海豚种群的芽生菌病患病率在2%至3%之间，对照片识别数据的分析得出夏洛特港海豚的芽生菌病样患病率估计值为2%。除了对居住在印度河泻湖的海豚的芽生菌病患病率估计值（P = 0.068；P = 0.12）外，萨拉索塔湾、夏洛特港与其他已发表的估计值之间未观察到统计学上的显著差异。尽管芽生菌病在这些海豚种群中是一种罕见疾病，但评估不同种群疾病负担的研究有助于对这种人畜共患病原体进行监测。
