Women's and Children's Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Semin Perinatol. 2011 Aug;35(4):221-33. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2011.02.019.
As with most adverse health outcomes, there has been long standing and persistent racial and ethnic disparity for stillbirth in the United States. In 2005, the stillbirth rate (fetal deaths ≥ 20 weeks' gestation per 1000 fetal deaths and live births) for non-Hispanic blacks was 11.13 compared with 4.79 for non-Hispanic whites. Rates were intermediate for American Indian or Alaska Natives (6.17) and Hispanics (5.44). There is racial disparity for both early (< 28 weeks' gestation) and late stillbirths. We review available data regarding risk factors for stillbirth with a focus on those factors that are more prevalent in certain racial/ethnic groups and those factors that appear to have a more profound effect in certain racial/ethnic groups. Although many factors, including genetics, environment, stress, social issues, access to and quality of medical care and behavior, contribute to racial disparity in stillbirth, the reasons for the disparity remain unclear. Knowledge gaps and recommendations for further research and interventions intended to reduce racial disparity in stillbirth are highlighted.
与大多数不良健康结果一样，美国的死胎也存在长期且持续的种族和民族差异。2005 年，非西班牙裔黑种人的死胎率（每 1000 例胎儿死亡和活产儿中≥20 周妊娠的胎儿死亡）为 11.13，而非西班牙裔白种人为 4.79。美国印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民（6.17）和西班牙裔（5.44）的比例则处于中间水平。无论是早期（<28 周妊娠）还是晚期死胎，都存在种族差异。我们回顾了与死胎相关的现有数据，重点关注在某些种族/民族群体中更为普遍的因素，以及在某些种族/民族群体中似乎具有更深远影响的因素。尽管许多因素，包括遗传、环境、压力、社会问题、医疗保健的可及性和质量以及行为，都导致了死胎的种族差异，但差异的原因仍不清楚。突出了知识差距以及进一步研究和干预措施的建议，旨在减少死胎的种族差异。
