Staus Ruth
Edgerton Wellness Center, Love Grows Here Wellness Center, Maplewood, MN, USA.
Orthop Nurs. 2011 Jul-Aug;30(4):231-8; quiz 239-40. doi: 10.1097/NOR.0b013e3182247c79.
Delirium is a common problem with a reported incidence of 13%-61% in orthopaedic patients. The mortality rate for patients who develop delirium can be as high as 37%. Recent research indicates that delirium may not be completely reversible in all patients. The normal physiological changes of aging predispose elders to the development of delirium. Inadequate pain management and polypharmacy are major precipitating factors for the disorder. New models of delirium pathophysiology are focused on the effects of both direct brain insults and aberrant stress responses. This article will provide a brief overview of the clinical problem of delirium with a focus on the current research evidence regarding predisposing, precipitating, and organic factors that lead to delirium in elderly orthopaedic patients.
谵妄是一个常见问题，据报道在骨科患者中的发生率为13% - 61%。发生谵妄的患者死亡率可高达37%。近期研究表明，并非所有患者的谵妄都能完全逆转。衰老过程中的正常生理变化使老年人易患谵妄。疼痛管理不当和多种药物联用是该病症的主要促发因素。谵妄病理生理学的新模型聚焦于直接脑损伤和异常应激反应的影响。本文将简要概述谵妄的临床问题，重点关注目前关于导致老年骨科患者发生谵妄的易感因素、促发因素和器质性因素的研究证据。
