Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy.
Amino Acids. 2012 Feb;42(2-3):975-86. doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-1011-2. Epub 2011 Jul 29.
Transglutaminases (TGs) are a large family of related and ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the cross-linking of a glutaminyl residue of a protein/peptide substrate to a lysyl residue of a protein/peptide co-substrate. Considerable and intense progress has been made in the understanding of the chemistry, molecular biology and cell biology of TGs. The knowledge that very different physiological and pathological processes are dependent on the presence of adequate levels of these cross-linking enzymes and on the amount of both free and protein-conjugated polyamines by TG, has generated an incredible amount of original research and review articles. It is clear that TG-mediated reactions are essential for some biological processes, such as blood coagulation, skin barrier formation and extracellular matrix assembly, but may also be involved in pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for several human diseases, such as cancer, AIDS, neurodegenerative disorders, celiac disease, and eye lens opacification. We present here a comprehensive review of recent insights into the pathophysiology of TGs related to their protein cross-linking activity.
转谷氨酰胺酶（TGs）是一个庞大的相关酶家族，可催化蛋白质/肽底物的谷氨酰残基与蛋白质/肽共底物的赖氨酸残基之间的交联。人们在理解 TG 的化学、分子生物学和细胞生物学方面取得了相当大的进展。人们已经认识到，非常不同的生理和病理过程依赖于这些交联酶的足够水平，以及 TG 结合的游离和蛋白结合多胺的数量，这激发了大量的原创研究和综述文章的产生。很明显，TG 介导的反应对于某些生物学过程是必不可少的，例如血液凝固、皮肤屏障形成和细胞外基质组装，但也可能参与导致几种人类疾病的发病机制，例如癌症、艾滋病、神经退行性疾病、乳糜泻和眼晶状体混浊。在这里，我们全面回顾了关于与 TG 蛋白交联活性相关的病理生理学的最新见解。
