Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, Universitat de València, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012 Jan;36(1):362-78. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.07.007. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
The possible involvement of salsolinol (Sal), an endogenous condensation product of ACD (the first metabolite of ethanol) and dopamine, in the neurochemical basis underlying ethanol action has been repeatedly suggested although it has not been unequivocally established, still being a controversial matter of debate. The main goal of this review is to evaluate the presumed contribution of Sal to ethanol effects summarizing the reported data since the discovery in the 1970s of Sal formation in vitro during ethanol metabolism until the more recent studies characterizing its behavioral and neurochemical effects. Towards this end, we first analyze the production and detection of Sal, in different brain areas, in basal conditions and after alcohol consumption, highlighting its presence in regions especially relevant in regulating ethanol-drinking behaviour and the importance of the newly developed methods to differentiate both enantiomers of Sal which could help to explain some previous negative findings. Afterwards, we review the behavioral and neurochemical studies. Finally, we present and discuss the previous and current enunciated mechanisms of action of Sal in the CNS.
尽管尚未明确证实，但内源性缩合物 salsolinol（Sal）是乙醇的第一代谢物 ACD（乙醛）和多巴胺的缩合物，它可能参与了乙醇作用的神经化学基础，这一观点已被反复提出，目前仍存在争议。本篇综述的主要目的是评估 Sal 对乙醇作用的假定贡献，总结自 20 世纪 70 年代发现 Sal 在体外乙醇代谢过程中形成以来的报告数据，直到最近研究其行为和神经化学作用的研究。为此，我们首先分析了 Sal 在不同脑区中的产生和检测，在基础条件下和饮酒后，突出了其在调节乙醇饮用行为的特别相关区域中的存在，以及新开发的区分 Sal 对映体的方法的重要性，这有助于解释一些先前的阴性发现。之后，我们回顾了行为和神经化学研究。最后，我们提出并讨论了 Sal 在中枢神经系统中的先前和当前阐述的作用机制。
