Otto H D, Gerhardt H J
Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik, Städtischen Krankenhauses im Friedrichshain, Berlin.
HNO. 1990 Feb;38(2):43-9.
Epidermoids (congenital cholesteatomas) of the mastoid air cells lying behind an intact tympanic membrane are not as rare as previously supposed. We discuss the current hypotheses of their pathogenesis critically, and favour the hypothesis of germ scattering. We summarize some not so well known details of the early stages of development of the normal involution of the first branchial cleft and of the first pharyngeal pouch as well as the subsequent development of the external meatus, the tubotympanic recess and the pneumatized spaces of the temporal bone. On this basis the transfer of ectodermal cells to the entoderm, the subsequent transmission from the embryonal closing membrane to the definite pneumatic spaces of the middle ear, and the variable frequency of recurrence of epidermoids in these diverse spaces are explained.
位于完整鼓膜后方的乳突气房表皮样囊肿（先天性胆脂瘤）并不像之前认为的那么罕见。我们批判性地讨论了其发病机制的当前假说，并支持胚细胞播散假说。我们总结了第一鳃裂和第一咽囊正常退化早期阶段以及外耳道、咽鼓管鼓室隐窝和颞骨气化空间后续发育的一些不太为人所知的细节。在此基础上，解释了外胚层细胞向内胚层的转移、随后从胚胎闭合膜到中耳特定气腔的传播，以及这些不同气腔中表皮样囊肿复发的不同频率。
