Canaris Albert G, Kinsella John M, Didyk Andy S
Helm West Laboratory, Missoula, Montana 59801, USA.
J Parasitol. 2012 Feb;98(1):216-21. doi: 10.1645/GE-2871.1. Epub 2011 Aug 3.
In total, 26 western willets, Tringa semipalmata inornata , were examined for helminth parasites, including 8 spring migrating hosts from the Chihuahua Desert, Rio Grande Valley, Texas, and 18 post-breeding hosts from east central Montana. Sixteen species of helminth parasites were present in component communities for both spring migrants and post-breeding birds. There were 9 species of trematodes, 2 cestodes, and 5 of nematodes, with a total of 1,593 individual specimens (X = 99.6, ±SE = 57.9, M = 9) present in migrating willets, and 5 species of trematodes, 8 cestodes, and 3 nematodes for a total of 1,148 individual specimens (X = 71.8, ±SE = 34.4, M = 12) present in post-breeding hosts. Species richness in infracommunities ranged from 2 to 10 (X = 5.1, ±SE = 0.95, M = 5.3) for spring migrants, and from 1 to 4 (X = 2.8, ±SE = 0.26, M = 3) for post-breeding birds. Diversity and evenness were 0.72 and 0.23 for spring migrants and. 0.62 and 0.17 for post-breeding hosts. Trematodes were the dominant taxa in spring migrants and cestode taxa in post-breeding hosts. Helminths with marine-associated life cycles were present in larger numbers in spring migrants from the Rio Grande Valley (11 of 16 species) than in post-breeding hosts from Montana hosts (4 of 16 species). The higher number of marine species in spring migrants was probably related to their more recent association with a marine habitat. Several species of Anomotaenia were major contributors to the component communities in both localities. Four species of nematodes with large prevalence, i.e., Schistorophus skrjabini, Sciadiocara umbellifera, Skrjabinoclava inornatae, and Sobolivicephalus lichtensfelsi, observed in spring migrants from the Rio Grande Valley were absent from Montana hosts. There was only a 2% similarity between the Rio Grande Valley and Montana. All helminth species, except for the possibility of Anomotaenia spp., were generalists. A checklist of helminth parasites of the willet is included.
总共对26只西部斑胸滨鹬（Tringa semipalmata inornata）进行了寄生虫检查，其中包括8只来自得克萨斯州里奥格兰德河谷奇瓦瓦沙漠的春季迁徙个体，以及18只来自蒙大拿州中东部的繁殖后个体。春季迁徙个体和繁殖后个体的寄生虫群落中存在16种寄生虫。春季迁徙的斑胸滨鹬中有9种吸虫、2种绦虫和5种线虫，共有1593个个体标本（X = 99.6，±标准误 = 57.9，中位数 = 9）；繁殖后的个体中有5种吸虫、8种绦虫和3种线虫，共有1148个个体标本（X = 71.8，±标准误 = 34.4，中位数 = 12）。春季迁徙个体的群落物种丰富度在2至10之间（X = 5.1，±标准误 = 0.95，中位数 = 5.3），繁殖后个体的群落物种丰富度在1至4之间（X = 2.8，±标准误 = 0.26，中位数 = 3）。春季迁徙个体的多样性和均匀度分别为0.72和0.23，繁殖后个体的多样性和均匀度分别为0.62和0.17。吸虫是春季迁徙个体中的优势类群，绦虫是繁殖后个体中的优势类群。与海洋相关生命周期的寄生虫在来自里奥格兰德河谷的春季迁徙个体（16种中的11种）中比在来自蒙大拿州的繁殖后个体（16种中的4种）中数量更多。春季迁徙个体中海洋物种数量较多可能与它们最近与海洋栖息地的关联有关。在这两个地区，几种异节绦虫属是寄生虫群落的主要组成部分。在来自里奥格兰德河谷的春季迁徙个体中观察到的4种高流行线虫，即斯氏斯克里亚宾线虫（Schistorophus skrjabini）、伞形斯氏线虫（Sciadiocara umbellifera）、无饰斯氏线虫（Skrjabinoclava inornatae）和利氏索氏线虫（Sobolivicephalus lichtensfelsi），在蒙大拿州的个体中未出现。里奥格兰德河谷和蒙大拿州之间的相似性仅为2%。除了异节绦虫属可能外，所有寄生虫物种都是广布种。文中还包括了斑胸滨鹬寄生虫的清单。
