童年和成年期的压力：对婚姻质量随时间的影响。
Stress in Childhood and Adulthood: Effects on Marital Quality Over Time.
作者信息
Umberson Debra, Williams Kristi, Powers Daniel A, Liu Hui, Needham Belinda
机构信息
Department of Sociology, The University of Texas, 1 University Station A1700, Austin, TX 78712-1088.
出版信息
J Marriage Fam. 2005 Dec;67(5):1332-1347. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00220.x.
We work from a stress and life course perspective to consider how stress affects trajectories of change in marital quality over time. Specifically, we ask whether stress is more likely to undermine the quality of marital experiences at different points in the life course. In addition, we ask whether the effects of adult stress on marital quality depend on childhood family stress experiences. Growth curve analysis of data from a national longitudinal survey (Americans' Changing Lives, N = 1,059 married individuals) reveals no evidence of age differences in the effects of adult stress on subsequent trajectories of change in marital experiences. Our results, however, suggest that the effects of adult stress on marital quality may depend on childhood stress exposure. Stress in adulthood appears to take a cumulative toll on marriage over time-but this toll is paid primarily by individuals who report a more stressful childhood. This toll does not depend on the timing of stress in the adult life course.
我们从压力和生命历程的角度出发，来考量压力如何随时间影响婚姻质量的变化轨迹。具体而言，我们探究压力是否更有可能在生命历程的不同阶段削弱婚姻体验的质量。此外，我们还研究成年期压力对婚姻质量的影响是否取决于童年时期的家庭压力经历。对一项全国性纵向调查（“美国人生活的变迁”，N = 1059名已婚个体）的数据进行的增长曲线分析表明，没有证据显示成年期压力对随后婚姻体验变化轨迹的影响存在年龄差异。然而，我们的研究结果表明，成年期压力对婚姻质量的影响可能取决于童年时期的压力暴露情况。随着时间的推移，成年期压力似乎会对婚姻造成累积性损害——但主要是那些报告童年压力更大的个体为此付出代价。这种损害并不取决于成年生命历程中压力出现的时间。
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