Pearlin L I, Skaff M M
Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742-1315, USA.
Gerontologist. 1996 Apr;36(2):239-47. doi: 10.1093/geront/36.2.239.
Research both into the stress process and into the life course is concerned with changing lives. Yet, the conceptual paradigms that guide the work of these two fields are largely segregated, borrowing little from each other. This article explores some of the junctures at which the study of social stress might benefit from life-course perspectives and, conversely, those at which life-course research might profitably employ the vantage points of stress research. In the first case, an awareness of life-course trajectories can sensitize stress researchers to the restructuring of lives across time, particularly to the shifting landscape of stressors to which people are exposed and changes in their access to resources in dealing with the stressors. For its part, stress research may be useful in clarifying some basic life-course constructs. Thus, it can direct attention to conditions that help to define the experiential distinctiveness of historical cohorts and to conditions that produce intracohort variations. It is also useful in providing an interpretive framework for understanding how the timing and sequencing of transitional events impact people's lives. The perspectives of the stress process, finally, are also relevant to the critical appraisal of the constructs of life satisfaction and successful aging.
对压力过程和生命历程的研究都关注着不断变化的人生。然而，指导这两个领域工作的概念范式在很大程度上是相互隔离的，彼此借鉴甚少。本文探讨了社会压力研究可能从生命历程视角中受益的一些结合点，反之亦然，即生命历程研究可能从压力研究的视角中获益的那些结合点。在第一种情况下，对生命历程轨迹的认识可以使压力研究者敏锐地意识到生命随时间的重构，特别是人们所面临的压力源格局的变化以及他们应对压力源时获取资源的变化。就压力研究而言，它可能有助于阐明一些基本的生命历程概念。因此，它可以将注意力引向有助于界定不同历史队列体验独特性的条件以及产生队列内差异的条件。它在为理解过渡事件的时机和顺序如何影响人们的生活提供一个解释框架方面也很有用。最后，压力过程的视角对于批判性评估生活满意度和成功老龄化的概念也具有相关性。
