[Evidence-based therapeutic drug monitoring for nevirapine].

Nevirapine, a HIV non nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitor, displays an inter-individual variability in its pharmacokinetics parameters, related to its hepatic metabolism. Based on literature, is the nevirapine therapeutic drug monitoring relevant? In naïve and pre-treated HIV infected patients, the probability of achieving and maintaining an undetectable HIV viral load was significantly associated with a nevirapine plasma trough concentration (C(trough)) > 4 000 ng/mL. The probability of virologic failure was significantly associated with a C(trough) < 3 000 ng/mL. Concerning the exposure-toxicity relationship, the emergence of hepatotoxicity was more frequently associated with high C(trough), especially in case of HCV coinfection. Non-randomized studies have reported the interest of nevirapine therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize the virologic response and, to a lesser extent, to prevent hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the level of evidence of the interest of nevirapine therapeutic drug monitoring is "recommended".