Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
J Environ Manage. 2011 Nov;92(11):2972-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.07.011. Epub 2011 Aug 6.
With the rapid development of tourism industry in China since 1980, the country has experienced an increasing use of its natural and cultural environment for tourism, resulting in tourism resources being adversely impacted in many tourism destinations. This paper described the research progress in tourism impacts on the environment in the context of China through a review of the growing literature in this field. Specifically, research on tourism impacts on the biophysical and socio-cultural environments, tourism carrying capacity, environmental quality assessment, and measures for the protection and management of tourism resources was reviewed. The review found that the majority of research was qualitative and descriptive in nature, and there was a lack of case studies and theoretical development. Future research should focus on the evaluation of environmental impacts, particularly those gradual cumulative impacts on the tourism environment; examination of the quantitative relationship between the impact and the level of tourism use for different activities; development of methods to estimate the carrying capacity; and understanding of positive impacts of tourism.
自 1980 年代以来，中国旅游业迅速发展，越来越多的自然和文化环境被用于旅游业，导致许多旅游目的地的旅游资源受到不利影响。本文通过对该领域不断增长的文献的回顾，描述了中国旅游业对环境影响的研究进展。具体来说，对旅游对生物物理和社会文化环境、旅游承载力、环境质量评估以及旅游资源保护和管理措施的影响进行了研究。审查发现，大多数研究是定性和描述性的，缺乏案例研究和理论发展。未来的研究应侧重于环境影响的评估，特别是对旅游环境的渐进性累积影响的评估；研究不同活动的影响与旅游使用水平之间的定量关系；开发方法来估计承载能力；以及了解旅游的积极影响。
