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隐喻的理解与运用:精神分裂症语义学之窗。

Metaphor interpretation and use: a window into semantics in schizophrenia.

机构信息

Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.

出版信息

Schizophr Res. 2011 Dec;133(1-3):205-11. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.07.009. Epub 2011 Aug 6.

Abstract

The nature of putative semantic anomalies in schizophrenia is controversial. Metaphor interpretation and use provide a useful methodology with which to probe semantics since metaphors are critical in reasoning processes and in how conceptual knowledge is organized. The first study examined free speech for figurative language. The second study explored whether emotional versus non-emotional metaphorical language interpretation elicits differences in the tendencies to produce idiosyncratic (bizarre) or literal interpretations or use of other metaphors to describe the meaning of a metaphor. The third study examined the interpretation of time metaphors. We expected the time perspective in ambiguous sentences to be differentially influenced by previously presented unambiguous sentences of a specific perspective, either events moving relative to a stationary observer (moving-time) or an observer moving relative to a stationary event (moving-ego). First, we found that patients used a similar amount of figurative language as control participants. Second, we did not find any difference between the groups in terms of idiosyncratic interpretations, although patients did interpret more metaphors literally and controls utilized more figurative language. Third, we did not find evidence of a difference between the groups in terms of time perspectives influencing ambiguous target sentences differentially. As operationalized here, the interpretation and use of metaphors is similar in patients with schizophrenia to that of healthy control participants. To the extent that metaphors recruit semantic processes this area of cognition is generally intact in schizophrenia.

摘要

精神分裂症中假定语义异常的本质存在争议。隐喻的解释和使用为探究语义提供了一种有用的方法,因为隐喻在推理过程和概念知识的组织中至关重要。第一项研究考察了自由言语中的隐喻。第二项研究探讨了情感隐喻和非情感隐喻的解释是否会导致产生独特(离奇)或字面解释的倾向,或者是否会使用其他隐喻来描述隐喻的含义。第三项研究考察了时间隐喻的解释。我们预计,在歧义句中,时间视角会受到先前呈现的特定视角的明确句子的不同影响,要么是相对于静止观察者移动的事件(动时),要么是相对于静止事件移动的观察者(动我)。首先,我们发现患者使用的隐喻语言与对照组相似。其次,在独特的解释方面,两组之间没有差异,尽管患者更倾向于字面解释隐喻,而对照组则更多地使用隐喻语言。第三,我们没有发现两组在不同的时间视角影响歧义目标句方面存在差异的证据。在这里,患者对隐喻的解释和使用与健康对照组相似。在隐喻招募语义过程的程度上,认知的这一领域在精神分裂症中通常是完整的。

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