Dr G. Venkatasamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Infect Dis. 2011 Sep 15;204(6):942-50. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir426. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
Filamentous fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Fusarium are major causes of corneal ulcers in the United States and in the developing world and result in significant visual impairment and blindness.
RNA was extracted from 110 patients with corneal ulcers in southern India within 1 week of infection with either Fusarium solani or Aspergillus flavus, and gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Posttransplant corneas from later stage disease (>2 weeks after infection) were also examined.
Expression of Dectin-1, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, TLR9, and NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP)3 messenger RNA was elevated >1000-fold compared with uninfected donor corneas, whereas Dectin-2 was constitutively expressed in uninfected corneas. Furthermore, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) expression was elevated >1000-fold, whereas IL-1α expression was not increased. Expression of IL-8, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor α was also elevated. CD3(+)and CD4(+) T cells were detected in infected posttransplant corneas. Expression of IL-17 and interferon γ was elevated but not that of IL-4. There were no significant differences in the host response between Aspergillus- and Fusarium-infected corneas at any time point.
There is a common innate and adaptive immune response to these filamentous fungi, which includes the generation of T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 cells.
在美国和发展中国家，曲霉菌属和镰刀菌属的丝状真菌是引起角膜溃疡的主要原因，可导致严重的视力损害和失明。
在感染茄病镰刀菌或黄曲霉菌后 1 周内，从印度南部 110 例角膜溃疡患者中提取 RNA，并通过定量聚合酶链反应测定基因表达。还检查了后期疾病（感染后>2 周）的移植后角膜。
与未感染供体角膜相比，Dectin-1、Toll 样受体 2（TLR2）、TLR4、TLR9 和 NOD 样受体蛋白（NLRP）3 mRNA 的表达升高了>1000 倍，而 Dectin-2 在未感染的角膜中持续表达。此外，白细胞介素 1β（IL-1β）的表达升高了>1000 倍，而 IL-1α 的表达没有增加。IL-8、IL-17 和肿瘤坏死因子α的表达也升高。在感染的移植后角膜中检测到 CD3（+）和 CD4（+）T 细胞。IL-17 和干扰素 γ的表达升高，但 IL-4 的表达没有升高。在任何时间点，曲霉菌和镰刀菌感染的角膜之间宿主反应均无显著差异。
对这些丝状真菌存在共同的先天和适应性免疫反应，包括产生辅助性 T 细胞 1 和辅助性 T 细胞 17 细胞。
