Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Dec 1;184(11):1237-46. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201106-0966CI. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
Autophagy is a highly conserved homeostatic pathway by which cells transport damaged proteins and organelles to lysosomes for degradation. Dysregulation of autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of clinically important disorders in a variety of organ systems but, until recently, little was known about its relationship to diseases of the lung. However, there is now growing evidence at the basic research level that autophagy is linked to the pathogenesis of important pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and tuberculosis. In this review, we provide an introduction to the field of autophagy research geared to clinical and research pulmonologists. We focus on the best-studied autophagic mechanism, macroautophagy, and summarize studies that link the regulation of this pathway to pulmonary disease. Last, we offer our perspective on how a better understanding of macroautophagy might be used for designing novel therapies for pulmonary disorders.
自噬是一种高度保守的细胞内稳态途径，通过该途径，细胞将受损的蛋白质和细胞器运输到溶酶体进行降解。自噬的失调导致多种器官系统中多种临床重要疾病的发病机制，但直到最近，人们对其与肺部疾病的关系知之甚少。然而，目前在基础研究水平上有越来越多的证据表明，自噬与重要的肺部疾病如慢性阻塞性肺疾病、囊性纤维化和结核病的发病机制有关。在这篇综述中，我们向临床和研究呼吸科医生介绍了自噬研究领域。我们重点介绍了研究最深入的自噬机制——巨自噬，并总结了将该途径的调节与肺部疾病联系起来的研究。最后，我们提出了我们对更好地理解巨自噬如何用于设计肺部疾病新疗法的看法。
