Henning A
Osteuropa-Institut der Freien Universität Berlin, Abteilung Geschichte.
Gesnerus. 1990;47 Pt 1:95-104.
In 1765/66, the oculist Tadini showed to Giacomo Casanova artificial lenses, which he planned to implant into human eyes after removing the cataract by extraction. About 1795, the oculist Casaamata tried to put into effect Tadini's idea. It was not before 1949, however, that H. Ridley implanted the first artificial lens, when he had found out that acrylic glass could serve the purpose. In 1960, Svyatoslav N. Fedorov implanted the first hand-made artificial lens in the USSR. His successful operation was discredited to be non-physiological and antipavlovistic. He had to overcome many difficulties, but became important by promoting modern microsurgery of the eye in the USSR. Since 1974, he introduced his version of radial keratotomy to correct myopia surgically. Today Fedorov is managing a technical-scientific complex in Moscow with twelve branches throughout the Soviet Union and with 5500 employees. In this complex, his radial keratotomy should be used as standard treatment of visual defects, in spite of its controversial quality. For that reason Fedorov fails to export his special method, which might be an experimental stage towards new refractive therapies.
1765年/1766年，眼科医生塔迪尼向贾科莫·卡萨诺瓦展示了人工晶状体，他计划在通过摘除术去除白内障后将其植入人眼。大约在1795年，眼科医生卡萨马塔试图将塔迪尼的想法付诸实践。然而，直到1949年，H. 里德利才植入了第一枚人工晶状体，当时他发现丙烯酸玻璃可以达到这一目的。1960年，斯维亚托斯拉夫·N. 费奥多罗夫在苏联植入了第一枚手工制作的人工晶状体。他的成功手术被诋毁为不符合生理学且违背巴甫洛夫学说。他不得不克服许多困难，但通过在苏联推广现代眼科显微手术而变得举足轻重。自1974年起，他引入了自己的放射状角膜切开术版本，用于通过手术矫正近视。如今，费奥多罗夫在莫斯科管理着一个技术科学综合体，在苏联各地设有12个分支机构，员工达5500人。在这个综合体中，尽管他的放射状角膜切开术存在争议，但仍应作为视力缺陷的标准治疗方法使用。因此，费奥多罗夫未能出口他的特殊方法，这可能正处于新屈光治疗方法的实验阶段。
