Adv Exp Med Biol. 2011;780:161-74. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5632-3_13.
Influenza vaccines have been in use for more than 60 years and have proven to be efficacious in protecting from influenza infections during epidemics and the recent H1N1 pandemic. The development of influenza vaccines has so far been largely based on empirical grounds, which leaves room for vaccine improvement by implementation of recent insights in innate and adaptive immunity. Also, evaluation and approval of new vaccines rely on rather broad correlates of protection such as the hemagglutination inhibition titre, thereby neglecting qualitative aspects of the immune response. Here we discuss how current inactivated influenza vaccine formulations differ in the type of immune response they elicit, their protective capacity, and what causes these differences. Finally, we will discuss how this knowledge can guide the development of new adjuvants that optimize the protective efficacy of influenza vaccines.
流感疫苗已经使用了 60 多年，事实证明，在流感大流行和最近的 H1N1 大流行期间，它在预防流感感染方面非常有效。流感疫苗的开发迄今为止在很大程度上是基于经验的，这为通过实施先天和适应性免疫的最新见解来改进疫苗提供了空间。此外，新疫苗的评估和批准依赖于相当广泛的保护相关性，如血凝抑制滴度，从而忽略了免疫反应的定性方面。在这里，我们将讨论目前的灭活流感疫苗配方在引起的免疫反应类型、保护能力方面有何不同，以及造成这些差异的原因。最后，我们将讨论如何利用这些知识来指导新佐剂的开发，从而优化流感疫苗的保护效果。
