Bergé Jean Baptiste, Ricroch Agnès Evelyne
Laboratory Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, University Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Orsay, France.
GM Crops. 2010 Jul-Sep;1(4):214-9. doi: 10.4161/gmcr.1.4.13421.
A recent study in China by Lu et al.(1) shows that populations of an occasional cotton pest, mirid bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae), increased following the introduction of genetically engineered (GE) cotton plants. The GE cotton produces a delta-endotoxin from the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to control the cotton bollworm. Before the introduction of Bt cotton in China, mirid bugs were usually controlled by broad-spectrum pesticide sprays targeted against the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the most important pest of cotton in China. The effectiveness of the control of H. armigera by Bt cotton cultivation has resulted in a decrease in the amount of insecticides used on Bt cotton compared to conventional cotton. This has led to a lack of control of mirids on Bt cotton due to the reduction in broad-spectrum insecticide use and consequently to a transformation of a minor pest to a main one. We discuss the scientific evidence available in the literature of this phenomenon. We examine the reasons of the emergence of minor pests to become major pests in Bt cotton in China and possible solutions to this change of status.
陆等人近期在中国开展的一项研究(1)表明，随着转基因棉花的引入，一种偶尔出现的棉花害虫——盲蝽蟓（半翅目：盲蝽科）的数量有所增加。转基因棉花产生一种来自苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）的δ-内毒素，用于防治棉铃虫。在中国引入Bt棉花之前，盲蝽蟓通常通过针对棉铃虫（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）的广谱杀虫剂喷雾进行防治，棉铃虫是中国棉花最重要的害虫。与传统棉花相比，种植Bt棉花防治棉铃虫的效果使得Bt棉花上使用的杀虫剂数量减少。这导致由于广谱杀虫剂使用量减少，Bt棉花上的盲蝽蟓缺乏防治，进而使得一种次要害虫转变为主要害虫。我们讨论了文献中关于这一现象的现有科学证据。我们研究了中国Bt棉花中次要害虫成为主要害虫的原因以及这种地位变化的可能解决方案。
