MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Aug 19;60(32):1083-6.
Legionnaires disease (LD), a serious, sometimes lethal pneumonia, and Pontiac fever (PF), an influenza-like, self-limited illness, are the two most common forms of legionellosis, which is caused by Legionella bacteria. Legionellosis cases are reported to CDC through the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) and a Supplemental Legionnaires Disease Surveillance System (SLDSS) designed to manage surveillance data on travel-related cases and enhance outbreak detection. For this report, cases reported to NNDSS during 2000-2009 from the 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC) were assessed, and crude and age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 persons were calculated. U.S. legionellosis cases reported annually increased 217%, from 1,110 in 2000 to 3,522 in 2009, and the crude national incidence rate increased 192%, from 0.39 per 100,000 persons in 2000 to 1.15 in 2009. Because NNDSS is a passive surveillance system dependent on health-care providers and laboratories reporting cases, the actual incidence of legionellosis in the United States likely is higher. Although NNDSS does not record legionellosis cases by type, 99.5% of the legionellosis cases reported to SLDSS during 2005-2009 were classified as LD and 0.5% as PF. Legionellosis surveillance was added to the population-based Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) system in January 2011 to assess reasons for these increases in numbers of reported cases. The rise in reported cases reinforces the need for health-care providers in all parts of the United States to test and treat adults with severe community-acquired pneumonia for LD, to be vigilant for health-care--associated LD, and to report legionellosis cases to public health authorities.
军团病（LD）是一种严重的、有时甚至致命的肺炎，庞蒂亚克热（PF）是一种类似流感的自限性疾病，它们是由军团菌引起的两种最常见的军团病形式。军团病病例通过国家传染病监测系统（NNDSS）和补充军团病监测系统（SLDSS）报告给疾病预防控制中心，这两个系统旨在管理与旅行相关病例的监测数据，并加强疫情检测。在本报告中，评估了 2000 年至 2009 年期间从 50 个州和哥伦比亚特区（DC）向 NNDSS 报告的病例，并计算了每 10 万人的粗发病率和年龄调整发病率。美国每年报告的军团病病例增加了 217%，从 2000 年的 1110 例增加到 2009 年的 3522 例，粗全国发病率增加了 192%，从 2000 年的每 10 万人 0.39 例增加到 2009 年的 1.15 例。由于 NNDSS 是一个依赖于卫生保健提供者和实验室报告病例的被动监测系统，因此美国军团病的实际发病率可能更高。尽管 NNDSS 没有按类型记录军团病病例，但在 2005 年至 2009 年期间向 SLDSS 报告的军团病病例中，99.5%被归类为 LD，0.5%为 PF。军团病监测于 2011 年 1 月被纳入基于人群的主动细菌核心监测（ABCs）系统，以评估报告病例数量增加的原因。报告病例的增加强化了美国各地卫生保健提供者对患有严重社区获得性肺炎的成年人进行 LD 检测和治疗的必要性，警惕与卫生保健相关的 LD，并向公共卫生当局报告军团病病例。
